市场资讯及洞察

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昨天的美股大跌大涨，早间快速消化美国关税大棒恐引发的贸易战，本人分析贸易战利弊后坚定认为电力板块是无论贸易战与否都会在2025年爆发的标的，因此昨天美股夜盘的暴跌是难得的进场或加仓机会，围绕电力供应VST和CEG，核技术OKLO和NNE的布局都会是精准而有效的，关于铀矿股由于需要牵扯加拿大本土公司，因此不在本轮波段考虑范围。令人宽慰的是今早看到美国对墨西哥和加拿大的加关税政策延迟执行，股指全面回暖，尽管三大股指依然收跌，但相较昨天夜盘的恐慌和股指期货的暴跌，基本已经收复了失地。目前对美股的针对性选择非常重要，对于大盘，周末复盘已经做了详细介绍，本周非农和财报的冲击令大盘较难大幅上冲，但周一的走法和上周一如出一辙，一周开始就大幅消耗恐慌和洗盘，周中股市不会差，因此在今年重点大牛预期板块核电和AI应用方面可以大胆布局。昨晚一系列操作本证明是相对高效的，对夜盘超跌是的NNE波段今早止盈，保留了VST仓位不受恐慌影响，新进布局了电力供应CEG和量子计算RGTI，目前看都在本周值得期待。关于AI应用，TEM的确是一个不错的选择，技术面看目前进场还不晚，PLTR财报如期强势，盘后涨超22%，这些也验证了开年所预测的今年会是AI应用年。美元指数坐了回过山车，跳涨暴跌后目前回到了108平台，关税政策的暂停止住了恐慌，但并未压低美元，美元依旧强势。由于美元的剧震表现，黄金趁势冲上2800。昨天的恐慌也是剧烈震荡，周中或能表现稳定，但非农夜又会暴走。原油价格大幅下行，原本美油可以因对加拿大的关税政策而大幅提高价格，现在关税政策暂停，油价也继续回到原来的水平趋势中。比特币也重回十万大关。外汇方面，澳美回到0.62以上，澳日也恢复到了96之上，澳元昨天经历了暴跌后的回升。日元表现强势，美日跌破155大关，美元人民币波动也加大，目前围绕7.3位置展开争夺。免责声明：GO Markets 分析师或外部发言人提供的信息基于其独立分析或个人经验。所表达的观点或交易风格仅代表其个人；并不代表 GO Markets 的观点或立场。联系方式：墨尔本 03 8658 0603悉尼 02 9188 0418中国地区(中文） 400 120 8537中国地区(英文） +248 4 671 903作者：Xavier Zhang | GO Markets 高级分析师

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过去一周事件众多，周末复盘也仔细做了介绍。周五美股尾盘跳水，主要是基于美国落实对加拿大和墨西哥加征25%关税，其实上周股指下跌是预判准确的，上周一因Deepseek影响而崩塌经过后面几日的修复并未全面扭转美股的强势，这一点从高科技财报和美联储利率决议，四季度GDP以及核心PCE落地后市场的反应就可以体现。然而本周对美股的预期是不好的，至少股指难以上冲。周末加拿大和墨西哥均表态对美反击，特朗普率先打响的贸易战对美国股市的影响有待被验证，加上对中国加征10%关税的政策，肯定也会立即招来中国的反制，因此这几天美股的表现，需要看这几个国家对美国关税大棒的反制政策。本周十二月首周，非农数据又将影响美股走向，目前预测值17万增幅大幅低于前值，但不排除前值大幅下修，而预测值接近20万增幅也是中规中矩不至于拖累市场，加上时薪预期的回落和失业率没有上升，也并未对美联储利率政策形成迫切压力。本周有谷歌和亚马逊财报待公布，从上周高科技巨头公布的财报看，似乎没有像24年那样成为当时影响股指的主因，或许是因为近日更多其他更为重要的消息在影响市场。

在周五三大股指均小幅收跌的影响下，各板块基本普跌收盘，能源指数，铀矿和铜矿跌幅较大，AI方面应用公司走势强劲，成分股涨多跌少，谷歌，亚马逊，特斯拉和Meta均保持上行，微软也没有下跌，英伟达因Deepseek产生本质上对未来其发展效率的影响而持续下行。核能铀矿普跌，电力供应股在连续大涨后终于收下较明显回撤，但国际铀价并未下跌，加拿大可能对美关税反制很可能夹带对铀矿出口的影响，国际铀价很可能被进一步推高，美国核电板块的公司中长期就继续坚定看好。量子计算板块小幅收涨，但整体上升幅度不大，依然处于横向整理区间。机器人概念也是盘前大涨收盘回落仅收下小幅上涨。美元指数继续上冲，黄金勉强被压制在2800以下，后劲依然十足。美国大幅回落的四季度GDP并未形成对美元太多冲击，核心PCE没有回落和上周央行周加拿大和欧元区降息而美联储没有降息等综合因素均推高了美元，更有特朗普关税大棒开启，令美元短期无所顾忌，本土产业有了关税保护，竞争优势不减，变相也推高了美元。金价之所以持续冲高，也是为了避免被关税影响以及为全球贸易战而准备的避险需求。恐慌小幅上行，本周恐慌大概率难以下行。油价小幅反弹，但目前依然处于中期震荡区域的下区间。

外汇方面美元持续强势拖垮了非美货币，澳美已经跌破支撑来到0.615平台，能源价格大幅回落以及矿业前景的暗淡，令澳洲经济预期很差。日元相对稳健，美日并没有明显上涨，而美元人民币直接暴走冲上了7.36大关，就看贸易战后续中国的反应了，没有合适的应对策略单靠人民币贬值只会慢慢耗尽外汇储备。免责声明：GO Markets 分析师或外部发言人提供的信息基于其独立分析或个人经验。所表达的观点或交易风格仅代表其个人；并不代表 GO Markets 的观点或立场。联系方式：墨尔本 03 8658 0603悉尼 02 9188 0418中国地区(中文） 400 120 8537中国地区(英文） +248 4 671 903作者：Xavier Zhang | GO Markets 高级分析师

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股价过山车背后，一边是财报惨淡，一边是AI狂欢。

昨天1月30日美股盘后，特斯拉发布了一份堪称“灾难级”的四季度财报，但资本市场却上演了一出魔幻剧情：盘后股价先暴跌5%，随后迅速反弹上涨3%。这种撕裂的市场反应，恰如其分地映射出特斯拉当下的尴尬处境——坍塌的造车业务与狂飙的AI叙事，正在将特斯拉撕裂成两个世界。

现实世界：造车业务全面“塌方”？

若单看特斯拉的造车基本面，这份财报只能用“触目惊心”来形容。收入、毛利率、经营利润率三大核心指标全部低于预期，尤其是汽车业务的崩盘，让市场大跌眼镜。

首先是汽车单价“跳水”，毛利率创历史新低：

·汽车收入：198亿美元（预期217亿），缺口近20亿美元；

·单车收入：3.98万美元（预期4.14万），环比暴跌2200美元，创2024年以来最大跌幅；

·汽车毛利率：剔除碳积分后仅13.6%（预期16.2%），甚至低于二季度的“谷底”水平。

致命问题可能出在价格端，尽管四季度中美两大市场未直接降价，但特斯拉通过0息贷款、库存车折扣（最高4000美元）、旧款Model Y补贴等隐性手段变相促销，导致单车收入“隐形坍塌”。而原材料成本下降带来的单车成本节省（约500美元），在价格暴跌面前杯水车薪。

其次是经营利润跌至个位数，现金流恶化。

·经营利润率从三季度的7.6%骤降至6.1%，经营利润环比暴跌40%；

·自由现金流仅20亿美元，环比减少7亿，创2023年新低；

·研发费用暴涨至12.8亿美元（预期11.1亿），AI投入持续吸血传统业务。

造车业务可能沦为“现金奶牛”，利润空间被持续压缩，而马斯克的“AI梦想”正在吸走更多资源。

理想世界：AI画饼：特斯拉的“救命稻草”？

当造车故事难以为继，特斯拉的股价支撑已完全转向AI叙事。马斯克在电话会上用了近70%的时间谈论FSD（全自动驾驶）、Robotaxi和Optimus机器人，试图用未来科技对冲当下的业绩暴雷。

首先是 FSD寄期望于从技术突破到商业落地

·当前进展：FSD V13版本号称“重大干预里程提升2-3倍”，2025年将在美国推出无监督版服务；

·野心：渗透率目标从当前的10%提升至30%，Robotaxi计划6月奥斯丁试运营；

·障碍：中国和欧洲的法规壁垒（数据跨境限制、监管审批）仍是硬伤。

·关键矛盾：FSD的性能提升依赖美国本土数据，但特斯拉全球销量的40%来自中美欧以外市场，这些地区的用户无法贡献训练数据，形成技术迭代的“死循环”。

其次是Optimus机器人寄期望于从工厂到外销

2025目标：内部部署1万台，承担工厂生产任务；

2026野心：量产第二代机器人并对外销售；

现实质疑：当前Optimus行走速度仅0.6米/秒，且未解决复杂场景交互问题。

画饼逻辑：通过工厂“自产自用”验证可行性，但成本控制（当前单台成本约5万美元）和场景迁移能力仍是未知数。

综上，2025年或是特斯拉的“生死局”。特斯拉当下面临双重夹击：短期造车业务失速，长期AI故事需要巨额投入。而2025年将成为验证其战略可行性的关键窗口。

1.造车业务：增长引擎熄火？

销量指引“降级”：马斯克不再重申“2025年增长20%-30%”，仅模糊表示“重回正增长”；

Model 2.5也面临尴尬境地，低价车型（预期售价2.5万美元）被曝“减配为主”，在中国市场难敌比亚迪海鸥、五菱缤果；

IRA的补贴危机也悬而未决，若美国取消7500美元税收抵免，特斯拉需在“保销量”和“保毛利率”间二选一。

因此，市场预期或许在逐渐转向悲观，各大行对2025年销量预期仅195-205万辆（同比增长约10%），远低于管理层此前目标。

2.AI故事：需要回答三个灵魂拷问

·FSD能否兑现30%渗透率？当前仅10%，且用户吐槽“订阅不如单次付费”；

·Robotaxi会否沦为“奥斯丁特供”？美国本土数据训练的系统难适配全球路况；

·Optimus成本何时降至2万美元以下？（否则毫无商业化竞争力。

但是现实是，即便将FSD和Optimus的乐观预期打满，特斯拉合理估值上限约1.4万亿美元，当前市值已隐含过度乐观的“马斯克溢价”，特斯拉估值已严重偏离基本面。

当下的特斯拉，就像一家同时经营“传统车企”和“AI科技公司”的混合体。前者在红海中流血厮杀，后者在云端描绘星辰大海。资本市场选择相信后者，本质上是对马斯克个人IP的赌注——毕竟他曾在SpaceX和星链上复制过奇迹。

但投资人需要清醒，当一家公司的股价与基本面彻底脱钩，它要么成为下一个苹果，要么沦为下一个威马。特斯拉的故事，还能讲多久？

免责声明：GO Markets 分析师或外部发言人提供的信息基于其独立分析或个人经验。所表达的观点或交易风格仅代表其个人；并不代表 GO Markets 的观点或立场。联系方式：墨尔本 03 8658 0603悉尼 02 9188 0418中国地区(中文） 400 120 8537中国地区(英文） +248 4 671 903作者：Christine Li | GO Markets 墨尔本中文部

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在本周，除了deepseek的横空出世，全球金融市场的目光还聚焦于美联储即将公布的利率决议。市场普遍预期美联储将维持当前利率不变，但特朗普总统近期的降息呼声为这一决议增添了不确定性。自2024年下半年以来，美联储连续三次降息，每次25个基点，将联邦基金利率目标区间下调至4.25%-4.50%。这一系列降息的主要目的在于应对经济增速放缓，降低借贷成本并且缓解通胀压力。然而，近期数据显示，美国经济呈现出复杂的信号。2024年12月，非农就业人口增加25.6万人，远超市场预期的16.5万人，失业率降至4.1%。与此同时，通胀虽然回落但其实依旧高于预期，12月CPI同比上涨2.9%，核心CPI同比上涨3.2%，略低于预期的3.3%，但仍然高于美联储2%的通胀目标。

根据CME“美联储观察”，市场预期美联储在1月30日的会议上维持利率不变的概率为99.5%，降息25个基点的概率仅为0.5%。然而，特朗普总统近期表示，希望美联储立即降息，声称自己“比美联储更懂利率”，并计划在“合适的时候”与美联储主席鲍威尔讨论此事。特朗普的表态引发市场对美联储独立性的担忧，毕竟特朗普曾经在2018到2019年强烈要求美联储降息，并且最终却是促成了美联储从2019年下半年开始降息，这表明虽然美联储强调政策独立，但政治影响依然不容忽视，所以特朗普这次的发言也增加了对未来货币政策走向的不确定性。本周，除美联储外，欧洲央行、瑞典央行、加拿大央行、巴西央行和南非央行等也将公布利率决议。其中，欧洲央行备受关注。多位欧洲央行官员表示支持进一步降息，行长拉加德在进入静默期前表示，渐进式降息可能会持续，政策制定者有信心通胀率将在2025年达到2%的目标 。市场普遍预计欧洲央行将在本周会议上将关键政策利率下调25个基点，未来可能还会进一步降息。

在当前环境下，我们应该重点关注以下方面：1. 美联储的政策声明和鲍威尔的讲话：任何关于未来货币政策方向的暗示都可能引发市场波动。2. 全球其他央行的政策行动：尤其是欧洲央行的降息决定及其对欧元区经济的影响。3. 特朗普政府的政策动向：特别是可能对美联储施加的压力，以及对全球贸易政策的影响。总体而言，本周的央行决议和相关政策声明将为我们下一步的投资决策提供重要的指引，帮助我们在全球经济充满不确定性的背景下作出适合自己的决定。此外，作为投资者我们还要密切关注关注即将公布的美国2024年第四季度GDP初值，以及即将发布的科技巨头财报，这些数据将为评估经济健康状况和企业盈利能力提供进一步的线索。在全球经济充满不确定性的背景下，央行的政策决策和政府的政策动向将对市场产生深远影响。投资者需密切关注这些动态，以制定相应的投资策略。免责声明：GO Markets 分析师或外部发言人提供的信息基于其独立分析或个人经验。所表达的观点或交易风格仅代表其个人；并不代表 GO Markets 的观点或立场。联系方式：墨尔本 03 8658 0603悉尼 02 9188 0418中国地区(中文） 400 120 8537中国地区(英文） +248 4 671 903作者：Yoyo Ma | GO Markets 墨尔本中文部

First – let us just say that as we suspected the AUD jolted all over the place on the release of the May CPI – the read was much stronger than consensus and the fallout from the read ongoing. But, and it’s a but, we predicted the AUD’s initial bullish reaction was counted by once again point to the fact parts of the monthly read can be explained away by changes made in May 2023. With that trade taken care of – we need to look to how things might transpire over the next period.

And that means digging through the monthly read for what matters and what doesn’t and thus start to assess an environment where the ‘frighten hawk’ that is the RBA moves on rates. May CPI 4.0% year on year – highest read since November 2023 So where are we? The non-seasonally adjusted monthly CPI indicator for May 2024 came in at 4.0% year-on-year smashing market consensus 3.8%, marking the highest rate since November 2023, the third consecutive monthly rise and marking 5 months since inflation was on a downward trajectory.

This jump needs to be put into context too April 2024 CPI was 3.6% year on year, the trough of 3.4% year on year observed from December to February feels like a distant memory. However as we mentioned above the market has found reason to back track on its initial bullishness most likely due to the month-over-month CPI in May 2024 decreased by -0.1% aligning with the 'seasonal average' of -0.1% since 2017. Compare that to the +0.7% month on month increase in April 2024, well above the seasonal average of +0.3%.

However the RBA doesn’t use headline CPI seasonally adjusted or not – it cares about core inflation which strips out the top and bottom 15%. And that means looking at trimmed mean CPI. The trimmed mean CPI, spiked to 4.4% year on year, also the highest reading since November 2023.

This marks a significant reacceleration from the 3.8% year on year low in January and the 4.1% year on year rate seen last month. As has been the case for most of 2024 goods inflation has remained steady holding around 3.3% year on year. The issue is services inflation which has surged to 4.8% year on year.

Another part of the inflation ‘story’ as to why inflation is so high has been global supply. However, the data has proven this to be false. Tradables (inflation that has international exposure) although rebounding in May to 1.6% from 1.1% is well below current inflation issues.

Non-tradables (domestic only facing inflation) remains well above target at 5.2% in May from 5.0% in April. This is a domestic-led spending issue and why the RBA is in play. Key Date: 31 July Second quarter CPI is out July 31 – as mentioned in Part 1 there is still some inputs that will be released in the coming 4 weeks that will shift expectation and consensus.

But in the main the consensus read now are pretty close to the final reads. The headline CPI is now expected to rise by 1.0% quarter on quarter (range 0.7% - 1.2) and 3.9% year on year (range 3.6% to 4.1%), above the RBA's May 2024 Statement on Monetary Policy (SOMP) forecast of 3.8% but possibly ‘tolerable’ but only just. A caveat to this figure is fuel price expectations for June, which sits at a decline of -1% month on month, which would subtract approximately ~4 basis points from the headline CPI.

But we digress as the trimmed mean consensus forecasts however are a concern and might not be tolerable for the RBA. Consensus forecasts for trimmed mean sits at 1.0% quarter on quarter (range 0.8 to 1.1%) and for a year on year increase of 3.9% year on year rise (range: 3.7% to 4.1%) also above the RBA's forecast of 3.8% year on year. Any slip into 4% on the trimmed mean figure and Augst 6 will be green lit.

The trade So how to position for the coming 5 weeks ahead of the August 6 meeting. Firstly understand that consensus amongst the economic world is the August meeting has a 35% risk of seeing a hike. The market is stronger at 45% - however it was as high as 61% at the peak of the bullishness post the inflation drop.

We should also point out that pre-June 5 the pricing in the market was for cuts not hikes. Showing just how fast and hard the interbank and bond markets have swung around. We also need to return to Governor Bullock's hawkish June press conference where the Board considered a rate hike and did not entertain a rate cut.

We also pointed out that every time the Board has added this sentence to the statement: The Board remains resolute in its determination to return inflation to target and will do what is necessary to achieve that outcome. It has seen a rise in the preceding meeting. We believe this give the upside potential more impetus and that will positively push the AUD higher over the coming weeks something we think is not fully factored into trading to date.

Then there are the other asset classes. Hikes complicates the outlook for equities, particularly as inflation remains sticky, especially in the services. Thus which sectors and areas of the equity market sure we be on the look to for signs of stress?

A prolong period of weakness in domestic trading conditions and the likely rise of frugal consumer behaviour will present challenging earnings for first half of fiscal year 2025 for discretionary and service sector stocks. Couple this with evidence of a slowdown in housing activity, material handling, product and construction stock are also likely to face pressure in early FY25. Need to also address Banks – which have been one of the best trades in FY24 with CBA leading the pack here, the question that remains however is that bank price growth in FY24 has been due to rate cut expectations and optimistic credit-quality risks.

This explains the elevated bank trading multiples. Weakening housing activity, will likely see investors questioning multiples of this nature in the near future. Trading the inflation story over the coming 5 weeks will be fascinating.

We have been discussing Sahms’ law for the last few weeks. This is the regression indicator that signals the possibility of recession. For those that can't remember, Sahms' recession indicator is when the three-month moving average of the unemployment rate has risen by more than 0.5 per cent from the previous 12 month low.

Every time this has happened since 1950 the US has entered a recession. Which brings us to last Friday’s non-farm payroll (NFP). NFP August jobs report revealed that total nonfarm payrolls grew by just 142,000, while private sector job growth amounted to a meagre 118,000.

That is the lowest read since COVID and both figures fell well short of consensus expectations. Even more concerning, revisions to June and July payrolls subtracted a combined 86,000 jobs, further underscoring the weakness in the labour market. That is on top of the 816,000 downward revisions of the January through May figures which saw the NFP overestimating the monthly employment figures by 69,000.

The next piece of the puzzle – a piece that backs the Sahms’ law puzzle is the three-month average for private sector job growth has now fallen below 100,000 per month, a pace that typically signals the onset of a recession.. However some are pointing to the fact that the unemployment rate ticked down slightly from 4.3 per cent to 4.2 per cent in August as a mixed signal and that maybe things aren’t as bad as the headlines. However this modest improvement was largely due to rounding, as the unrounded rate was effectively unchanged (4.22 per cent in August vs. 4.25 per cent in July).

This followed an earlier increase in unemployment, which had been trending higher over the past few months. The rise in the unemployment rate, combined with slowing job growth, indicates that the labour market is likely to weaken further unless the Fed moves to ease policy – which is why we are asking – has the Fed dropped the ball by not moving already? Let’s explore that further Data from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) shows that firms are hiring at the slowest rate in a decade, outside of the pandemic period.

Job openings fell to 7.673 million in July, which was significantly faster than expected and brought the ratio of job openings to unemployed persons to 1.07-to-1, down from the elevated levels seen during the pandemic. This decline in job openings suggests that the labour market is normalising, but it also raises the risk of a sharper increase in unemployment in the coming months as the ratio inverts. It's not only the multitude of employment indicators flashing risk.

Other indicators reinforce the case for concern. Take the auto sales numbers, which fell below expectations, with an annualised sales rate of 15.1 million vehicles, suggesting there is now a slowdown in consumer spending. The decline in auto sales historically spreads to weaker production and employment in the auto industry, as companies adjust staffing levels in response to reduced demand.

Meanwhile, mortgage applications for new home purchases remain subdued despite a drop in mortgage rates over the last four months on rate cut expectations. The lacklustre performance in both the auto and housing markets adds to the broader picture of economic weakness. The signs are pretty clear- the slowdown is on and as the Fed weighs its options ahead of the September meeting – the final piece of the puzzle is coming inflation.

It must be said that inflation remains a key focus. Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation is expected to rise by just 0.2 per cent month-on-month in August, reinforcing the view that inflation has slowed considerably, but year on year CPI is still above the Fed 2 per cent target. Inflationary pressures are easing and the greater risk to the Fed's mandate appears to be the labour market rather than inflation, but it could be the moderator on those calls for the Fed to go hard when it starts cutting.

We need to watch categories like medical services and airfares as these are ones we need to see bigger falls in the rates of price growth and could influence the Fed's decision-making. But again, the overall trend suggests inflation is no longer the primary concern. Similarly, the Producer Price Index (PPI) is expected to show a modest increase of 0.2% month-over-month, further indicating that inflationary pressures are tapering off.

Jobless claims data will also be closely watched in the coming weeks. Continuing claims are expected to rebound after an unexpected drop, driven in part by a temporary decline in claims in Puerto Rico. Any significant rise in jobless claims, particularly initial claims, could signal a shift towards more active layoffs.

Can they catch the ball? All the data mentioned highlight our concerns about the trajectory of the U.S. economy. There are clear signs of a substantial slowdown and growing risk of recession.

Thus the question now is can the Fed catch slowdown before it turns into a recession? The answer is muddled as the Federal Reserve's response to the weakening outlook remains uncertain. The base case is for the Fed to initiate a series of rate cuts in the coming months.

Currently, projections indicate that the Fed may cut rates by 50 basis points (bp) in September followed by a smaller 25 bp cuts over the proceeding meetings. However, the pace and magnitude of these cuts remain open to adjustment, depending on the evolving economic conditions. While this is the view of the market, the Fed is not as united as this – for example: Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller has expressed a more measured approach.

In his September 6, 2024 speech, Waller emphasised that he prefers to see more data before endorsing larger rate cuts of 50 bp rather than the more conservative 25 bp. He signalled that the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) needs to remain flexible and should adjust its actions based on new data rather than adhering to preconceived timelines for rate cuts. The issue with this view is that data is retrospective and by the time it's presented it would be too late to catch the slowdown.

He expressed willingness to support larger cuts if the data shows further deterioration, drawing parallels to his previous support for front-loading rate hikes when inflation surged in 2022. But again – the argument against this stance is it could be too little too late. Waller’s remarks suggest that the Fed could adopt a cautious approach in September, potentially starting with a 25 bp cut but leaving room for larger cuts if economic data continues to weaken at either the November or December meeting.

So could the Fed drop the ball? We think the word to use here is “fumble”. There are clear signs of disagreements around, size, speed and effects of cuts, which may cause them to fumble the response in the interim, over the medium term it will align, whether they catch or drop the ball – time will tell.

In short – we are in for a volatile period in FX, already the USD has been falling on rate fundamentals, but rallies on recession fears. The drive to safe havens over risk plays will be a strong theme in the coming period and will likely override any interest rate differential trade plays that present. It is going to be an interesting period culminating in the US election in November, thus be ready to be nimble and accept swings that seem to go against traditional trading theories.