市场资讯及洞察
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自GPT点燃人工智能产业浪潮以来,全球资本市场的叙事重心几经转移。从最初的核心算力芯片,到高带宽存储,再到电力与散热基础设施,每一个阶段都有相应的硬件赛道成为市场焦点。而当前,聚光灯正照向一个曾经相对边缘的环节——光通信与光模块。而这轮的炒作也是AI硬件演进至2026年后物理极限倒逼的必然结果。理解这一逻辑,有助于把握当前AI产业链的核心瓶颈所在。
一、算力瓶颈的递进:从“算力荒”到“互联墙”
回顾AI硬件投资的脉络,每一次瓶颈的转移都催生出一批核心受益标的。
2023年:算力荒。 大模型密集发布阶段,最稀缺的资源是算力芯片。英伟达的GPU与掌握CoWoS先进封装产能的台积电,成为产业链的绝对核心。
2024年:内存墙与电力墙。 算力提升后,数据传输速度成为新的制约因素;同时,大规模集群运行带来显著的电力负荷压力。HBM(如SK海力士)和液冷温控(如维谛技术)解决方案因此迎来高速增长。
2025-2026年:互联墙。 这是当前阶段的核心瓶颈。AI算力集群已从万卡级别扩张至十万卡级别,GPU之间的数据交换量呈指数级增长。网络连接一旦拥堵,庞大的算力投资将无法有效释放。如何实现GPU之间的极速互联,便成为光通信产业链成为超级主线的底层逻辑。
二、光模块的核心驱动力:从“按年迭代”到“按月推进”
在超算中心内部,光模块承担着连接GPU的“数据通道”功能。其爆发式增长可归纳为三大核心驱动力:
(一)铜缆的物理极限。 在传统的短距离传输中,铜缆尚可胜任。但在当前800G甚至1.6T的超高传输速率下,铜缆的有效传输距离受到严格限制。在长距高速互联场景中,“光进铜退”已成为不可逆转的技术方向。需要说明的是,在机架内极短距离互联场景下,铜缆方案依然具备成本和低功耗优势,如英伟达GB200 NVL72即采用高速铜缆背板互联方案,铜缆连接数量高达5,184根。不过,随着GPU集群规模的持续扩大,铜缆在高速条件下的传输距离限制日益凸显,光通信方案的重要性正在快速提升。
(二)高速迭代与市场规模跃升。 在传统通信时代,光模块速率从100G提升至400G往往耗时数年。而在AI时代,云厂商直接以订单推动交付节奏。据Lightcounting测算,2026年全球光模块数据通市场规模预计达228亿美元,2026至2030年复合增速约为20%。中金公司指出,2026年全球光模块已进入800G全面普及、1.6T规模商用阶段,头部厂商中际旭创与新易盛已启动1.6T光模块的小批量出货。高端新品订单消化速度较快,叠加硅光方案带来的BOM成本下降,推动相关企业毛利率稳中有升。
(三)硅光子与CPO:技术迭代的下一阶段。 为满足高带宽、低功耗的系统需求,硅光子技术和光电共封装方案正成为产业格局重构的重要方向。银河证券数据显示,2026年800G光模块中硅光方案占比已超过50%,而在1.6T光模块中占比高达70%—80%。传统EML光芯片路线产能集中于海外,受限于磷化铟材料,2026年供给缺口较大,硅光方案成为缓解供应链压力的关键路径。与此同时,中金公司认为CPO已成为推动产业链新一轮升级的核心变量。
三、产业链格局:核心环节的定价权分布
在美股、A股与港股市场中,光通信产业链涉及多个细分环节,掌握核心定价权的公司各有侧重。
(一)美股:底层芯片与关键元器件的供应方
博通(Broadcom -AVGO)。 博通是光模块中DSP(数字信号处理器)芯片的核心供应商之一。高端DSP赛道呈现博通与Marvell双寡头垄断格局,双方凭借深厚的SerDes IP积累和PAM4编解码算法,几乎垄断了头部云厂商的1.6T DSP供应份额。1.6T主流方案中博通200G DSP表现较为突出,其400G DSP已发布上市,技术优势明显。但需注意,DSP先进制程芯片高度依赖台积电先进封装产能,台积电的产能排期直接影响高速光模块的放量节奏。
迈威尔科技(Marvell -MRVL)。 Marvell通过收购Inphi进入DSP市场,是博通在这一领域的主要竞争对手。在1.6T DSP供应格局中,Marvell与博通共同构成双寡头垄断。
Astera Labs(ALAB)。 该公司专注于PCIe Retimer芯片,解决单台服务器内部GPU与CPU之间的数据拥堵问题。其Aries PCIe重定时器产品线已被整合进英伟达Hopper平台,服务于主要美国超大规模数据中心客户。
(二)A股:封装与量产能力的集中地
中际旭创(300308.SZ)。 中际旭创是全球光模块领域的龙头供应商,其核心竞争优势在于新品导入能力和量产良率控制。从产业链动态来看,英伟达、谷歌、微软等全球顶级科技公司均在光通信领域展开积极布局,中际旭创作为核心供应商深度受益于这一趋势。公司800G光模块产品市占率连续两年位居全球第一,硅光技术的渗透率已超过一半。
天孚通信(300394.SZ)。 天孚通信在光器件领域拥有领先的精密封装和集成能力,是全球光器件行业的重要供应商之一。公司1.6T相关光引擎业务持续向好,已实现1.6T光引擎的规模量产。在前沿技术领域,公司前瞻布局CPO配套光器件,储备有高密度多通道FAU、ELS外置光源模组等核心产品,并持续布局硅光等下一代技术路线。
新易盛(300502.SZ)。 新易盛是光模块领域的另一家核心供应商,已具备800G及以上光模块的规模化量产能力,并成功批量交付最新一代1.6T产品。公司正积极推进3.2T、6.4T及12.8T等更高速率产品的研发。
(三)港股和相关企业
鸿腾精密(06088.HK)。 鸿腾精密业务中高速铜缆背板连接方案是机柜内短距离互联的有效路径之一。其增长受益于算力集群内部互联需求,但在光通信核心产品领域布局相对有限,与A股光模块龙头公司的主体业务存在差异。
长光华芯、索尔思光电等。 在EML光芯片领域,国内光芯片企业正在加速突围。长光华芯、索尔思光电具备IDM能力,正快速推进高端EML的送样与量产,成为填补海外供给缺口的重要力量。
四、展望:光通信之后的市场焦点
当光模块环节的认知趋于成熟,AI硬件演进的下一阶段或将引领资本市场的新一轮方向
端侧推理芯片:大模型推理请求若全部依赖云端处理,网络延迟与电力成本将面临较大压力。推进AI向终端迁移、实现本地推理已成为产业共识。端侧推理芯片有望迎来规模化落地的关键窗口期。
先进封装基板: 当前AI芯片封装面积不断扩大、功能复杂度持续提升,已逐步逼近有机基板的物理极限。玻璃基板具备低热膨胀系数、高平整度、低翘曲、高密度布线等优势,有望成为先进封装的下一个关键材料,延续封装密度和集成规模的进一步提升。从技术进展看,英特尔于2026年CES发布了首款采用玻璃核心基板进行量产的Xeon 6+处理器,苹果也已开始测试先进玻璃基板用于AI服务器芯片。台积电正加速推进玻璃基板与FOPLP融合方案,并计划于2026年建成迷你产线。
具身智能硬件: 大模型若缺乏物理交互能力,将无法完全作用于物理世界。当AI开始尝试与环境发生交互时,高精度六维力矩传感器、无框力矩电机、行星滚柱丝杠等机器人核心零部件也将随之迎来大规模资本涌入的重要拐点。
结语
从算力芯片到存储,从散热到互联,AI硬件瓶颈的每一次转移都带来新的投资主线。光通信与光模块作为当前“互联墙”环节的核心受益领域,其产业景气仍处于上行通道。中长期来看,端侧推理、先进封装与具身智能硬件亦是值得关注的方向。

With the Brexit negations dominating the news flow over the last few weeks, you may forget there are other events taking place. On Thursday, the European Central Bank will announce its decision whether to increase, decrease or maintain the interest rates. The decision is scheduled to be announced at 12:45 PM UK time.
Why Is The Announcement Important? The European Central Bank is the central bank for the Eurozone, the countries which have adopted the Euro, including Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. ECB’s decision to increase, decrease or maintain the interest rate has a significant impact on the financial markets because changes in interest rates affect the exchange rate of the Euro, so it is one of the must-watch economic events in the calendar.
Expectations The European Central Bank has not changed its interest rates since March 2016 and analysts are forecasting that the rates will also remain unchanged in the upcoming meeting. All eyes will be on the European Central Banks President, Mario Draghi’s speech shortly after making the announcement. Hot topics will involve the Italian and the Brexit process, which has developed into complete chaos.
The French budget is another issue to address for the ECB after the French President Emmanuel Macron gave in to the recent anti-government protests by the ''yellow vest'' movement which will cause France to exceed the European Union’s budget deficit ceiling next year. Other ECB data releases to keep an eye out: ECB Marginal Lending Facility (12:45 PM London time) Previous: 0.25% Forecast: 0.25% ECB Deposit Facility Rate (12:45 PM London time) Previous: -0.40% Forecast: -0.40% This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis. They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions.
Trading Forex and Derivatives carries a high level of risk. Sources: Go Markets MT4, Google, Datawrapper

One of the must-watch economic events this week will be the Bank of Canada interest rate decision. The decision is scheduled to be announced on Wednesday 29th May at 15:00 PM London time. Why Is The Announcement Important?
A bank interest rate is a rate at which a countries central bank lends money to local banks. The interest rate is charged by nations central or federal bank on loans advances to control the money supply in the economy and the banking sector. The Bank of Canada has an inflation target of 1% to 2% (currently 2%), and the interest rates are changed accordingly to meet the target.
Therefore, the Bank of Canada’s and other central bank rate decisions can have a significant impact on the financial markets. Expectations The last time the Bank of Canada raised its key interest rates was back in October of last year and it is expected that the rates will remain unchanged at 1.75%, according to the analysts. ''Recent economic data suggest that growth will be stronger than the Bank was expecting in the first quarter, providing a reason to not cut rates.'' ''At the same time, growth will remain below potential, providing no reason to lift rates. The Bank of Canada will, therefore, remain in a holding pattern for now and make any necessary adjustments to that stance based on incoming economic data'', Principal economist Alicia MacDonald said at the Conference Board of Canada last week.
Even though a rate decision is not expected, traders will be keeping a close eye to the upcoming meeting and the comments after the rate decision has been announced. To keep up to date with other upcoming economic events click here for our Economic Calendar. This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis.
They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions. Trading Forex and Derivatives carries a high level of risk. Sources: DataWrapper, Bank of Canada

On Monday, UK Chancellor Phillip Hammond announced its latest budget, which did not have a massive impact on Pound Sterling. Now that is out of the way; it’s time to focus on another critical economic event – the Bank of England rate decision. The decision is set to be announced at 12:00 PM London time on Thursday.
About Interest Rates Interest rates are set by the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee which is made of nine members – The Governor, the three Deputy Governors for Monetary Policy, Financial Stability and Markets & Banking, the Banks' Chief Economist and four external members appointed directly by the Chancellor. Bank of England has an inflation target of 2% (currently 2.4%), which is set by the Government and the Bank of England’s monetary policy is set to achieve the Government’s target. If the Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation rate is more than 3% or less 1%, the Governor must write a letter to the Chancellor to explain why and outline how they will get the inflation to the target of 2%.
Expectations We have seen two rate hikes from the Bank of England in the last year, one in November 2017 and August of this year. The current interest rate stands at 0.75%, and according to the latest forecast, we will not see the Bank of England raising the rates in its upcoming meeting. After the announcement, all eyes will be on the Bank of England’s Governor Mark Carney press conference with his latest outlook on the British economy and Brexit.
The Governor recently mentioned that a limited and gradual series of interest rate hikes are required to keep the inflation in check. The markets are expecting a potential hike in May 2019, after the United Kingdom formally leaves the European Union. Other UK data to keep an eye on: • Bank of England Asset Purchase Rate (12:00 London time) Previous: £435 billion Forecast: £435 billion • Bank of England Inflation Report (12:00 London time) This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis.
They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions. Trading Forex and Derivatives carries a high level of risk. Sources: Go Markets MT4, Google, Datawrapper

On the back of what has been a pretty punishing month for Oil, now trading below $70 a barrel for WTI crude, we’re going to take a look at Oil, the fundamental drivers behind the price swings and what the future could hold for the Oil markets. For the sake of clarity, this article will be looking exclusively at WTI Crude. So what drove the close to 11% decline in Oil?
What has stalled fund managers and market voices calling for oil to revisit $100 a barrel? Well, mostly it is a confluence of reasons, some rooted in basic economics and one fear-based reaction on the back of the “stock market rout” as it has been dubbed. Now although we are going to be focusing on some of the reasons for this decline, these are not specific to this sell-off alone, these are fundamental drivers in the price of Oil markets.
WTI Crude December Contract - October sell of from $76.72 to low of $68.53 One of the reasons for the sell-off is that of a supply jump. U.S. crude stockpiles rose by 22.3 million barrels, which is the most substantial increase since 2015. This factor comes down to basic economics.
With a boost in supply and the more something is readily available; naturally, the associated value will be lower, and this is what is weighing here. However, the story doesn't end there. It can also provide an insight into how the general populous is leaning as an increase in stockpiles means that the current supply level is too much for current demand.
For example, it could potentially be an indicator in sentiment, companies shifting to renewables, and more and more people moving to electric vehicles, etc. All of these factors would impact the appetite for oil which then leads to an oversupply, subsequently causing a tumble in price as we've seen of late. One of the other factors for Crude also stems from this balancing act of supply and demand.
With Crude spiking to highs not long seen, it sparked some fear that the high prices would weigh on demand for the asset, causing investors to be more cautious and to close out long positions. Since then both OPEC and the International Energy Agency have both revised down the oil growth forecasts. WTI December Contract and S&P Overlay - During the "stock rout" The so-called “stock market rout” also took its toll on the Oil price, with investors dumping risk assets and moving into safe-haven assets, i.e., bonds, gold, etc. this helped to perpetuate Crude’s slide and saw it shed a further 5% of its value.
So, with WTI Crude oil currently, at the time or writing sitting at lows of $66.70 a barrel, what lies ahead for Oil? With continued sell-offs seen in equities markets and steadily more risk-off sentiment throughout the market, we could continue to see Oil slide. However, as markets tend to jump between risk-on & risk-off on a daily, sometimes more frequent basis, we can expect to see plenty of activity in the Oil market, and this will undoubtedly be one of our watchlist staples.
For more information or any questions feel free to reach out to me on twitter This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis. They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions. Trading Forex and Derivatives, including Oil Commodity trading, carries a high level of risk.

The Buraeu of Labor Statistics have released the latest jobs report for September. Let’s take a look at the latest numbers. The total non-farm payroll employment increased by 134,000, the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today versus the forecast of 185,000. Biggest job gains were in professional and business services, in health care, and in transportation and warehousing. The unemployment rate declined by 0.2% to 3.7% in September better than the forecast of 3.8%.
Worth pointing out that the latest unemployment rate is the lowest level for 49 years. The number of unemployed people decreased by 270,000 to 6 million. Average hourly earnings dropped from 2.9% to 2.8% as anticipated.
The reaction Initially we saw some weakness in the US dollar as the latest figures were released, however, since then the Dollar has recovered some losses. Average hourly earnings dropped from 2.9% to 2.8% as anticipated. USD/JPY Hourly Chart GBP/USD Hourly Chart EUR/USD Hourly Chart This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis.
They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions. Trading Forex and Derivatives carries a high level of risk. Sources: Bloomberg, Go Markets MT4


Markets Eager To Resume As the Easter holidays fade, we quickly saw a market resurgence of traders looking to resume normality. Perhaps one of the more stand-out movers during today's London session was none other than the Pound Aussie cross (GBPAUD). Following the Reserve Bank of Australia's announcement to hold interest rates at 0.1%, the recently stronger Pound took a tumble, and we'll be looking at where the price may end up.
A Sizeable Move Since early hours, the price of GBPAUD declined by 1.05% or roughly 200 pips. Considering the Average True Range (ATR) tends to sit around 100-120 pips, it's not something to ignore. Is this just a one-off move, or is something larger happening here?
RBA Rates On Hold Until 2025 Perhaps the overriding factor that spiked AUD demand today is the dovish comments made by the RBA that suggest they'll aim to keep the current rates on hold until 2025. In an uncertain environment mainly consisting of negative rates worldwide, the ability to offer stability, however small, speaks volumes. But is it enough to stave off economic risks associated with the pandemic?
Probably not. Risky Business The Australian currency will remain risk-sensitive, and with Covid-19 cases continuing to rise throughout Europe and America, demand for the 'Aussie' will potentially struggle to find enough demand. By contrast, the Pound looks to build on vaccine success and hopefully reignite the economy in June/July by further easing lockdowns.
The potential for GBPAUD to turn bullish longer-term looks more probable at this stage. The idea that the pair could resume an upward trajectory is backed up by some relatively strong technical signals on both the hourly and daily Ichimoku charts listed below. Ichimoku Hourly Chart Analysis Beginning with the hourly, we can see today's bearish price action is heading towards the previous weekly pivot point of 1.8010 before finding some support.
Despite the decisive move to the downside, now that the pair found some short-term support, we'd generally expect some corrective price behavior during the upcoming sessions. Notice the RSI indicator (Relative Strength Index) is also in heavily oversold territory, further fueling speculation to the upside. The current weekly pivot point of 1.8145 makes an attractive potential target or a consideration for resistance.
Ichimoku Daily Chart Analysis The daily Ichimoku chart helps put today's price moves into perspective, further highlighting the bullish indicators in play. Note, the current price action is still trading well above the cloud, as is the lagging span (purple line). The thickness of the cloud also suggests plenty of support above 1.80 levels.
Remaining Tentatively Bullish So despite the sudden bearish activity seen today, the outlook for GBPAUD remains bullish across multiple timeframes, not accounting for any new Covid-19 issues that may emerge. Sources: Go Markets, Meta Trader 5, TradingView, Bloomberg
