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4月8日宣布的停火以及围绕45天休战的平行讨论并未解决霍尔木兹海峡的混乱问题。目前,他们已经限制了最坏的情况,但油轮运输量仍处于正常水平的一小部分,伊朗对过境费的需求预示着结构性转变,而不是暂时的转变。
最初的地区冲突已成为全球能源冲击,市场面临的问题不再是霍尔木兹是否受到干扰,而是这种混乱对石油的最低定价产生了多大的永久性影响。
关键要点
- 每天约有2000万桶(桶)的石油和石油产品通常通过伊朗和阿曼之间的霍尔木兹海峡,相当于全球石油消费量的约五分之一,约占全球海运石油贸易的30%。
- 这是流量冲击,不是库存问题。石油市场依赖于持续的吞吐量,而不是静态存储。
- 如果中断持续超过几周,布伦特原油可能会从短期飙升转向更广泛的价格冲击,存在滞胀风险。
- 穿越海峡的油轮运输量从每天约135艘下降到中断高峰期的不到15艘船只,减少了约85%,超过150艘船只停泊、改道或延误。
- 4月8日宣布了为期两周的停火,为期45天的休战谈判正在进行之中。伊朗已分别表示要求对使用该海峡的船只收取过境费,如果正式确定,这将是能源成本的永久地缘政治最低标准。
- 市场已经开始从增长和技术敞口转向能源和国防企业,这反映了人们的观点,即石油价格上涨正在成为结构性成本,而不是暂时的风险溢价。
世界上最关键的石油阻塞点
霍尔木兹海峡每天处理大约2000万桶石油和石油产品,相当于全球石油消费量的20%和全球海运石油贸易的30%左右。由于全球石油需求接近1.04亿桶/日,且剩余产能有限,在最近的升级之前,市场已经处于紧密平衡状态。
该海峡也是液化天然气的重要走廊。2024年,平均每天约有2.9亿立方米的液化天然气通过该路线,约占全球液化天然气贸易的20%,亚洲市场是主要目的地。
国际能源署(IEA)将霍尔木兹描述为世界上最重要的石油运输阻塞点,并指出,即使是部分中断也可能引发价格的大幅波动。布伦特原油已跌破每桶100美元,这既反映了物质紧张,也反映了地缘政治风险溢价的上升。

由于流量减慢,油轮处于空转状态
现在,航运和保险数据实时显示压力。据报道,超过85艘大型原油运输船滞留在波斯湾,而由于运营商重新评估安全和保险,有150多艘船舶停泊、改道或延误。据估计,这将使1.2亿至1.5亿桶原油在海上闲置。
这些量仅代表霍尔木兹正常吞吐量的六到七天,或略高于一天的全球石油消费。
最新的航运和保险数据现在证实,有150多艘船只停泊、改道或延误,高于最初报告的85艘船只。闲置原油的1.3天全球消费保障仍然是约束性制约因素:这是流量冲击,不是储存问题,停火尚未转化为产量的实质性恢复。
建立在流量而不是存储基础上的市场
石油市场在持续波动中运作。炼油厂、石化厂和全球供应链经过调整,可以沿着可预测的海道稳定交付。当流经占全球石油消耗量约五分之一和全球海运石油贸易约30%的阻塞点时,该系统可以在几天之内从平衡变为赤字。
剩余产能主要集中在欧佩克内,估计仅为每天300万至500万桶。这远低于霍尔木兹水流受到严重干扰时面临的风险交易量。
通货膨胀风险和宏观溢出效应
石油冲击的通货膨胀影响通常以波浪形式出现。随着汽油、柴油和电力成本的上涨,燃料和能源价格的上涨可能会迅速提振总体通货膨胀。
随着时间的推移,更高的能源成本可能会流向货运、食品、制造业和服务业。如果混乱持续下去,通货膨胀率上升和增长放缓相结合,可能会增加滞胀环境的风险,使中央银行面临艰难的权衡。
不容易抵消,系统几乎没有松弛
当前局势之所以特别严重,是因为全球体系缺乏松弛。
当处理近2,000万桶/日(约占全球石油消耗量的五分之一)的阻塞点受到损害时,将近1.03亿至1.04亿桶的全球供需几乎没有备用缓冲。估计每天300万至500万桶的剩余产能,主要在欧佩克内部,只能覆盖风险产量的一小部分。
替代路线,包括绕过霍尔木兹的管道和改道运输,只能部分抵消流量的损失,而且通常成本更高,交货时间更长。
底线
在霍尔木兹海峡的过境恢复并被视为可靠安全之前,全球石油流动可能继续受损,风险溢价上升。对于投资者、政策制定者和企业决策者来说,核心问题是石油能否每天不间断地转移到需要去的地方。

French elections 2017 With Brexit in full swing, Europe is getting ready for another political event and the people of France are going to decide on who will run their country next. There are four main candidates for the job – Benoit Hamon, Emmanuel Macron, Francois Fillon and Marine Le Pen. Each of the candidates has his/her own views of how France should be moving forward and it will unquestionably have an impact on Europe’s third largest economy.
The candidates Francois Fillon, The Republicans Francois Fillon is the member of The Republicans party and only a few months ago was predicted to win the election. Fillon was previously the prime minister of France from 2007 until 2012. He won his party’s primary last year by 15 points beating the former President – Nicolas Sarkozy.
His plans include scraping the 35-hour working week, removing the wealth tax and cutting half a million public sector jobs. Marine Le Pen, National Front Marine Le Pen is one of the front-runners in this year’s elections, she is the leader of the far-right National Front Party. Le Pen took place in the 2012 presidential election and placed this behind Nicolas Sarkozy and Francois Hollande with 17.90% of the vote.
Her plans include reducing immigration and raising welfare benefits, but her biggest plan is to hold a referendum on the country’s European Union membership and taking them out of the Eurozone. Emmanuel Macron, En Marche Emmanuel Macron is one of the youngest candidates for the presidency and at 39 he has already served as economy minister. He has since started his En Marche movement.
His plans include – greater checks on politician’s powers and has backed deregulation in certain French industries. He also plans to end 35-hour week for younger workers. Benoit Hamon, Socialist Party Benoit Hamon is a member of Socialist Party and the Party of European Socialists.
He became the presidential candidate on January 29 th, 2017 after defeating Manuel Valls in the second round of the party primary. His plans include taxing wealth created by robots and to have a universal monthly payment for French citizens, regardless of their income. What are the polls saying?
Latest poll from Harris Interactive shows Emmanuel Macron (26% of the vote) currently ahead of Marine Le Pen (25% of the vote) for the first round of France’s presidential election. The former front runner Francois Fillon is behind with 20% of the vote and Benoit Hamon in fourth with 13%. Source: Harris Interactive poll Your Watchlist We have seen a steady decline in the EUR over the last few months.
Europe is now facing another political headache and more uncertainty when the French elections take place this year. The two frontrunners – Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen are very close in the polls and have different plans for France. Regardless of who wins the French elections, the EUR will certainly be tested and one to watch.
EURUSD Source:GO Markets MT4 On the Indices front, the CAC40 index has been on the rise in the recent months as you can see in the chart below. The index may not be showing signs of pessimism for the time being. We see a similar pattern on the Euro Stoxx 50.
Will we see a different picture closer to the election and how will the result impact the index? We will find out in the coming months. CAC40 Source: GO Markets MT4 STOXX50 Source: GO Markets MT4 Key dates for the French Presidential election > The first round of the vote will take place on Sunday April 23, 2017. > The two candidates with the most support will go into head-to-head final vote, which will be held on May 7, 2017.
By Klavs Valters, GO Markets

The European Central Bank (ECB) engaged into a €2 trillion bond buying program to promote economic growth and drive inflation up in the Eurozone. It involves buying assets from commercial banks to inject more funds in the banking system. It is a non-standard monetary policy commonly referred as quantitative easing (QE).
The market expected the QE to be phased out by the end of this year. Key ECB policymakers are expressing concerns over a strong Euro which is putting months of challenging work into jeopardy. A strong Euro will directly hurt Germany, one of the largest economy in the Eurozone, as higher export costs will translate into lower demand.
On the other hand, the Pound will eventually benefit from it as euro buyers could switch to pound. The exchange rate has therefore become an issue as ECB is unable to maintain the desired inflation rate. Given the concerns over the strong euro, the market foresees that ECB is less likely to exit from the QE phase.
After more than 2-year high, the EURUSD dropped. The selloff was also due to strong economic US data during the week and the comeback of the tax reforms talks in the White House. [caption id="attachment_58394" align="aligncenter" width="600"] Source: GO Trader MT4[/caption] Mark your calendar!!!! The ECB Monetary policy statement and press conference is scheduled on the 7 th of September 2017.
It will be a key event for the Euro. By: Deepta Bolaky GO Markets

Yesterday, the US Federal Reserve announced the raising of interest rates from to 2.00%~2.25%. Most Fed officials agreed (12 people out of 16) in principle to raise the rate, in line with market expectations, and according to the Dot Plot, the expected interest rate in 2019 & 2020 is 3.2% and 3.6% respectively, which is still 4-5 hikes from today’s level. Although the Dot plot provides the information for the year 2021 as a “long-term” projection, from personal experience, this data is much less important to pay attention to as it is so far away from now.
We all know that the further out the predictions, the more uncertainty it has surrounding it, similar to that of weather forecasts. In summary, if we focus on the pattern of 2018-2020, it still maintains the hawkish trend. Powell's Statement The statement of the Fed maintains optimism about the economy and removes the wording of the easing policy.
For the first time, they deleted the sentence of "The stance of monetary policy remains accommodative, occasion supporting strong labor market conditions and a sustained return to 2 percent inflation" from the original text. That’s also a sign of hawkish movement. Economic Data Forecasts: Most of the numbers remain unchanged compared with June 2018’s prediction, but notably, they adjusted the GDP forecast from 2.8% to 3.1%, which is more optimistic.
We all know that the “balance sheet normalization plan” initiated by the Fed in October last year 2017. The purpose of this plan is to reduce the huge amount of debt back to its “normal” size (i.e., not too far away for the country’s GDP level) Let’s see how it goes up till today: after one year of the reduction process, the total assets (including liabilities) of the US has dropped from nearly $4.5 trillion to $4.2 trillion. Powell Highlights During The Conference About The Stock Market: Powell believes that Equity prices are at the upper band of the historical range.
Although he does not comment on market corrections, he emphasized that high leverage may bring harm. End of Tightening: He said it depends on economic data, including inflation, unemployment rate, and salary growth rate (literally like say nothing). Trade tariffs: Powell is worried about the impact of inflation in the long-run.
While still being observed, it has not affected the US economy in the short term. (It feels like he must say so to avoid confrontation with Trump ) Emerging Markets: Recognizing the importance of emerging markets when the Fed to consider raising interest rates, but he believes that it is only because of the fundamental problems of individual countries that the country's currency is under pressure. Fiscal policy: Worried about the sustainability of fiscal stimulus and believe that budgetary debt will be an inevitable problem in the future. (True, but it seems nobody had any solution for that) Inflation: He emphasized that if inflation unexpectedly rises, the Fed will raise interest rates even faster, but there is no such indication currently. The impact of the trade war on inflation has not yet emerged, and overall inflation is still mainly supported by oil prices. (that’s why Trump is giving pressure to OPEC on twitter recently) By Lanson Chen – Analyst @LansonChen This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis.
They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions. Trading Forex and Derivatives carries a high level of risk. Sources: www.federalreserve.gov,

Upcoming News » 9:00pm BOE Inflation Report - GBP » 9:00pm MPC Official Bank Rate Votes - GBP » 9:00pm Monetary Policy Summary - GBP » 9:00pm Official Bank Rate - GBP » 9:30pm BOE Gov Carney Speaks - GBP » 10:30pm Unemployment Claims - USD » 11:30am RBA Monetary Policy Statement - AUD Eye’s are on the BOE tonight for the rate decision. As with the previous meeting the market is expecting a cut from 0.50% to 0.25%. Expectations were not met in the last meeting with the BOE holding rates.
Based off that I’m not leaning towards any sure thing for tonight’s meeting. Overnight Oil snapped out of this weeks down trend with a 3% counter rally. I’m looking for this to extend further.
Gold and Silver lost ground overnight with Silver continuing to lose further ground today. US Markets bounced back, the US30 put in a second failed low this could be a trend continuation forming. I ‘m looking for more upside tonight to confirm this current pattern.
The EURUSD had a strong move down over night losing 72 pips. It’s sitting on a previous high which could come in as short term support. Today’s Asian session has been mixed for the USD, the AUD has recovered retesting its.7630 high.
The JPY has mainly been weaker but has seen some buyers. It’s currently weaker at this point in the session with pairs making small increases consolidating yesterday's gains. The JPN225 has reversed a low put in earlier and is now posting a strong looking session.
I’m seeing 16020 as short term support. It's showing signs this could be a developing reversal point. The GBP has been in quiet trade as the market awaits tonight's raft of news.
Expect a sharp move up on the GBP if the BOE holds rates for the second time. Due to the upcoming multiple news events, I’m steering clear of the GBP tonight. EURUSD – Two levels shown are the points I’m watching currently.
We did have a strong move down overnight but 1.1134 is presenting as the first point of support. 1.10860 is the next level down. I still see the EURUSD in an uptrend at the moment. Until counter evidence develops I’m looking for support to confirm and a continuation to possibly follow.
US30 – Buy idea filled today. The first sign here for me was the failed low on the 2 nd of AUG. While last night’s recovery can be seen as an inside bar, it also shows a failed low off 18295.
This point now has three tests and three fails at going lower. Divergence has also set up around this support area. These are all good signs we could see a continuation higher to possibly test 18460 if buyer commitment stays strong.
A new move lower that breaks 18245 cancels this buy idea out. There’s one issue present that didn’t make this setup perfect for me. It’s the fact that price is still in a short-term downtrend.
Seeing a break is normally best for trend continuation setups, keep that in mind when looking at future trend continuation trades. XAGUSD – This is a follow up from yesterday’s silver section. Price tried to break 20.64 again overnight.
This attempt failed and sellers took control of the session. Today my sell idea was filled, price has broken its current trend in today’s Asian session. This is the hard part of being in a sell position in an established uptrend.
We don’t know if this is going to be a deep or short reaction. As shown I have sharpened my stop loss and closed part of the position to limit any losses in case we have a snap back to test the new breakout. 20.00 has shown support and has seen buyer interest today. I have a target of 19.96 down to 19.83.
Time will tell if that’s reached or not. Managing potential damage is important once your position is moving in the right direction. If prices get down to 19.37 I would be looking for buyers to reconfirm that support area.
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Written by Joseph Jeffriess, GO Markets Market Strategist

In 2018, we have seen a growing interest in the Emerging Markets (EM) as a lot of advisers or asset allocators have been upbeat about these markets. The emerging countries are improving on different factors such as stability of employment, growth in money or opportunity for innovation which make the overall outlook for EM promising. However, the enthusiasm might have faltered over a broad rally in the US dollar and the strength in the US economy.
Along with the resurgence of the US dollar which have caught investors off-guard, the EM are currently being underpinned by trade tensions and policy uncertainties. As the monetary tightening takes hold in the US, stocks in many emerging markets plunged and the dollar appreciated against major emerging currencies. The sudden shift in the second quarter in 2018 compared to 2017 Q4 shows that the US dollar has made an impressive comeback and appreciated against major EM and G0 currencies.
Quarter 4, 2017 Quarter 2, 2018 Even though the markets are navigating through various challenges: trade tensions, geopolitical upheaval and US sanctions, monetary policy remains the major factor for investors to monitor when looking for opportunities in the EM economies. The policy divergence between US and other central banks are the catalyst behind the strength of the US Dollar. A more aggressive Fed could have a magnifying effect on the EM economies and their respective currencies.
The Chinese Yuan and Turkish Lira continue to slide over the ongoing tensions with the US and a hawkish Fed. The Mexican Peso has also been under pressure but has recently found some relief over the renewed optimism around NAFTA. USDCNH, USDTRY, USDZAR and USDMXN (Daily chart) Source: GO Markets MT4 Similarly, in the equity markets, the slump in Chinese equities over trade concerns are weighing on the EM indices.
Trade tensions are indeed a matter of concern but it might not necessarily be bad for growth as global supply chains might eventually adjust. In the short-term, the Emerging Markets might remain volatile but the question is that investors need to ponder on whether the current situation is an opportunity. Does this situation represent a good entry point for long-term traders??
Despite the fact that many EM are trapped by political instability, they have potential to grow even faster than the developed countries and has wealth in the form of oil or other commodities. Moreover, some emerging countries are engaged in key structural reforms that will likely boost business confidence and encourage stronger investment and consumption.

All three pairs had a volatile year. Trade and geopolitical tensions have put significant bearish pressures on those pairs. EURUSD, GBPUSD and AUDUSD have seen new lows in 2018, and if the negative environment persists, we might see fresh lows.
EURUSD Fundamental Analysis The EURUSD pair was able to find some support on Brexit news and some positive data last week. This week, eyes will move to the ECB interest rate decision. The ECB failed to provide a bullish picture for the EUR pairs over the months, and it will be interesting to see if there is any upgrade or downgrade to the level of dovishness.
Policy divergence between US and ECB will remain a significant driver for the pair. Technical Analysis We can see that the pair has formed a head and shoulders pattern. A substantial break below the neckline level could bring in sellers.
The take profit level will probably be set above the support level. Overall, a crisis in the emerging markets, a dovish ECB compared to a hawkish Fed, subdued data, trade uncertainties, Brexit jitters and political issues within the Eurozone area is painting a bearish outlook for the pair. GBPUSD Fundamental Analysis Sterling traders found renewed confidence over the positive Brexit news.
Now that the main downside risk appears to take a back seat at least in the short-term, investors might begin to concentrate on the fundamentals. Notable data releases – GDP, Manufacturing & Industrial Production, Jobs Report and Rate decision, might help the pair to test the 1.30 level. However, any gains might be short-lived due to the strength of the US dollar.
Technical Analysis The pair is currently trading in a descending trend line and has potential to slide further. Any upbeat data might face some resistance at the 1.30 level. There are still no concrete Brexit negotiations, and until there are important agreements, the pair will likely stay gripped by Brexit headlines.
Adding to this uncertainty is the trade worries that are clouding the pair as the greenback isbeing favoured. AUDUSD Fundamental Analysis This pair appeared to be the victim of the US-Sino trade war. The pair has been in a bearish channel since the beginning of the year and plummeted to more than a 2- year low.
Upbeat data managed to provide momentary support to the pair last week. Amid a few data releases this week, the employment reports will be the highlight of the week. Even if there is an uptick in the data, any upside lift will likely be temporary.
Technical Analysis Key support levels were broken, and the pair dropped to multiple months low. Since the beginning of the year, the pair encountered 1000 pips fall. Using the Ichimoku, we can see that the pair is trading below the cloud.
The thin cloud indicates indecision and potentially, a weakening downtrend. However, the RSI is also bearishly configured suggesting more downward pressure for the pair. It is unlikely that the trade situation will change by the US mid-term elections in November.
A dovish RBA coupled with other negative pressures will likely continue to weigh on the pair.
