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4月8日宣布的停火以及围绕45天休战的平行讨论并未解决霍尔木兹海峡的混乱问题。目前,他们已经限制了最坏的情况,但油轮运输量仍处于正常水平的一小部分,伊朗对过境费的需求预示着结构性转变,而不是暂时的转变。
最初的地区冲突已成为全球能源冲击,市场面临的问题不再是霍尔木兹是否受到干扰,而是这种混乱对石油的最低定价产生了多大的永久性影响。
关键要点
- 每天约有2000万桶(桶)的石油和石油产品通常通过伊朗和阿曼之间的霍尔木兹海峡,相当于全球石油消费量的约五分之一,约占全球海运石油贸易的30%。
- 这是流量冲击,不是库存问题。石油市场依赖于持续的吞吐量,而不是静态存储。
- 如果中断持续超过几周,布伦特原油可能会从短期飙升转向更广泛的价格冲击,存在滞胀风险。
- 穿越海峡的油轮运输量从每天约135艘下降到中断高峰期的不到15艘船只,减少了约85%,超过150艘船只停泊、改道或延误。
- 4月8日宣布了为期两周的停火,为期45天的休战谈判正在进行之中。伊朗已分别表示要求对使用该海峡的船只收取过境费,如果正式确定,这将是能源成本的永久地缘政治最低标准。
- 市场已经开始从增长和技术敞口转向能源和国防企业,这反映了人们的观点,即石油价格上涨正在成为结构性成本,而不是暂时的风险溢价。
世界上最关键的石油阻塞点
霍尔木兹海峡每天处理大约2000万桶石油和石油产品,相当于全球石油消费量的20%和全球海运石油贸易的30%左右。由于全球石油需求接近1.04亿桶/日,且剩余产能有限,在最近的升级之前,市场已经处于紧密平衡状态。
该海峡也是液化天然气的重要走廊。2024年,平均每天约有2.9亿立方米的液化天然气通过该路线,约占全球液化天然气贸易的20%,亚洲市场是主要目的地。
国际能源署(IEA)将霍尔木兹描述为世界上最重要的石油运输阻塞点,并指出,即使是部分中断也可能引发价格的大幅波动。布伦特原油已跌破每桶100美元,这既反映了物质紧张,也反映了地缘政治风险溢价的上升。

由于流量减慢,油轮处于空转状态
现在,航运和保险数据实时显示压力。据报道,超过85艘大型原油运输船滞留在波斯湾,而由于运营商重新评估安全和保险,有150多艘船舶停泊、改道或延误。据估计,这将使1.2亿至1.5亿桶原油在海上闲置。
这些量仅代表霍尔木兹正常吞吐量的六到七天,或略高于一天的全球石油消费。
最新的航运和保险数据现在证实,有150多艘船只停泊、改道或延误,高于最初报告的85艘船只。闲置原油的1.3天全球消费保障仍然是约束性制约因素:这是流量冲击,不是储存问题,停火尚未转化为产量的实质性恢复。
建立在流量而不是存储基础上的市场
石油市场在持续波动中运作。炼油厂、石化厂和全球供应链经过调整,可以沿着可预测的海道稳定交付。当流经占全球石油消耗量约五分之一和全球海运石油贸易约30%的阻塞点时,该系统可以在几天之内从平衡变为赤字。
剩余产能主要集中在欧佩克内,估计仅为每天300万至500万桶。这远低于霍尔木兹水流受到严重干扰时面临的风险交易量。
通货膨胀风险和宏观溢出效应
石油冲击的通货膨胀影响通常以波浪形式出现。随着汽油、柴油和电力成本的上涨,燃料和能源价格的上涨可能会迅速提振总体通货膨胀。
随着时间的推移,更高的能源成本可能会流向货运、食品、制造业和服务业。如果混乱持续下去,通货膨胀率上升和增长放缓相结合,可能会增加滞胀环境的风险,使中央银行面临艰难的权衡。
不容易抵消,系统几乎没有松弛
当前局势之所以特别严重,是因为全球体系缺乏松弛。
当处理近2,000万桶/日(约占全球石油消耗量的五分之一)的阻塞点受到损害时,将近1.03亿至1.04亿桶的全球供需几乎没有备用缓冲。估计每天300万至500万桶的剩余产能,主要在欧佩克内部,只能覆盖风险产量的一小部分。
替代路线,包括绕过霍尔木兹的管道和改道运输,只能部分抵消流量的损失,而且通常成本更高,交货时间更长。
底线
在霍尔木兹海峡的过境恢复并被视为可靠安全之前,全球石油流动可能继续受损,风险溢价上升。对于投资者、政策制定者和企业决策者来说,核心问题是石油能否每天不间断地转移到需要去的地方。

Creating New Monthly Highs Yesterday gold reached a three-month high of $1,239.68 which, as we head into the final quarter of 2018, is once again stirring up price speculation and talk of a change in directional bias. While the fundamental aspects appear to be related to hiccups in global stock markets, we'll focus on the technicals for clues as to how these moves might pan out in the medium to long-term. Before we examine charts on the daily timeframes, I want to highlight something interesting on the hourly which is unfolding at the time of writing.
Looking at the chart below, notice that price action is finding short-term support around the current weekly pivot around the 1225.00 level. You can also see this predominantly sideways pattern which we will discuss further, prompting many analysts to suggest this price region as a sticking point for the metal. XAUUSD Hourly - Candlestick Chart On to the daily chart below, one thing that I am looking for here is some validation for a shift towards a more bullish sentiment, and even from a quick glance, evidence for this scenario is thin on the ground and limited at best.
First up, price action is still trading well below the 200-day moving average (gold line) which suggests the longer-term trend remains bearish. Next, we can see the formation of a bullish flag which initially sparked my interest yesterday, but now looking more like a false breakout with the price rejecting those levels above 1230.00. Of course, the potential is still there for this pattern to develop further.
It would be wise to remain cautious though. XAUUSD Daily - Candlestick Chart The last two aspects of this chart worth noting are that the current RSI (Relative Strength Index) is showing signs of heating up again, pushing up towards those overbought levels seen around the high. We also have a missed weekly pivot at the 1208.00 level which I think may present the next best support level in the short-term.
Both of these elements are arguably bearish for gold. I've included some Ichimoku analysis below, as I believe it showcases the bullish flag pattern a bit clearer than the previous chart. The other reason is to recognise that although price action has managed to punch above the cloud suggesting little resistance, the lagging span (purple line) paints a more subtle story, one of quiet indecision as it sits within the cloud.
This indicator spells a mixed bias from a directional perspective and leads me to believe we could be in for additional sideways moves longer-term. XAUUSD Daily - Ichimoku Chart Depending on which chart you analyse, the general sideways theme is persistent in all of them. In similar fashion to how the Ichimoku chart best illustrated the bullish flag pattern, the point and figure chart below captures this overall sideways movement in my opinion.
XAUUSD - Point & Figure Chart Delving further, we find another potential clue for the recent bullish momentum. Notice the recent sell-off, there was a considerable increase in supply following a rejection of the key resistance area (triple top) at 1350.00 so what we may be witnessing here is the price attempting to consolidate. So, do I believe stock market jitters are causing buyers to step back into gold as a potential flock to safety?
In short, no. While there is undoubtedly a case for this type of activity, I think it's too early to tell. I've also mentioned in previous articles that gold hasn't been behaving as a traditional safe-haven asset of late.
The technical picture is clear; the gold market is uncertain and somewhat confused as shown by the sideways tendencies. At this stage, only a convincing break above 1350.00 would give credit to a more substantial change in overall sentiment and another bullish run. For the time being at least, no doubt the meandering will continue, but overall I remain bearish on the precious metal in the medium to long-term.
By Adam Taylor This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis. They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions. Trading Forex and Derivatives carries a high level of risk.
Sources: TradingView.com

Friday 7 th July 2017 saw the official start of the two-day G20 summit in Hamburg, Germany, were delegates from 19 countries come together to discuss matters ranging from free trade to Global warming. We have compiled this quick guide to what you can expect from the markets after this year’s summit. What is G20?
The G20 started in 1999 as a meeting of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis. In 2008, the first G20 Leaders’ Summit was held, the main issue discussed was in responding to the global financial crisis. The decisive and coordinated actions boosted consumer and business confidence and supported the first stages of economic recovery.
Who is a member of the G20? The members of the G20 are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States and the European Union. The group represents around two thirds of the world's population, and 80% of the world's trade and economic activity.
The G20 is two days of formal meetings, preceded by informal meet-ups. Since last year’s meeting in China, over a quarter of the countries are under new leadership; Donald Trump (USA), Theresa May (UK), Michel Temer (Brazil), Paolo Gentiloni (Italy), Moon Jae-in (South Korea), and Emmanuel Macron (France). What should you expect from the markets?
According to research in 2014 by ECB (European Central Bank) concluded "The big picture arising from our analysis is that effects of G20 summits are small, short-lived, non-systematic and non-robust." Although, they did emphasize they weren’t able to measure the long term impact associated with policy makers becoming familiar with each other and long term trade deals negotiated once the summits had ended. I think it’s vital to add that this study was completed before the era of President Trump. No leader in recent years has so avidly professed his disdain for the current frame work of world trade, believing that the rest of the world is benefiting from America’s weakly negotiated trade deals.
His protectionist views, meaning protecting domestic industry from global competition, would benefit the US economy in the long term if enacted. How will “America First” resonate with the twenty other leaders? It’s impossible to predict, but any statement or plan advancing his wish-listed views would see a global market reaction.
By: Samuel Hertz GO Markets

Since September last year, the British Pound has enjoyed a relatively easy time against the Australian Dollar, often described as a solid bull run. However, many fundamental drivers have turned sour for the Sterling crosses, and with GBPAUD in particular, we may be in for a significant price reversal. What's Driving the Pound Aussie Pairing?
The obvious elephant in the room would be Brexit. For a while, it seemed there might have been light at the end of the tunnel for the UK and the EU, hence the bull run. However just recently, UK Trade Secretary Liam Fox has predicted that the odds of a ‘no deal’ are now as high as 60-40 due to difficulties, and subsequently, the general sense of doom and gloom weighing on the UK economy has reared its ugly head once more.
Australian Dollar Not Resistant To A Few Headaches On the flip side, conditions aren't necessarily much better south of the equator. As a commodity-centric currency, the Australian Dollar is struggling while trade-war-like tensions brew between the US and China. If we add jitters in Turkey creating a sell-off in higher risk currencies, as well as the RBA’s more cautious tone on inflation, the overall picture for AUD appears just as bleak as the Pound Sterling.
Since we've established both currencies have their potholes on the road ahead, let's push the fundamentals aside and discover a potential trading opportunity from a technical perspective which appears to be gaining traction. GBPAUD - Daily Starting with the daily chart above, notice the price action is trading considerably below the 200 day moving average line in gold. It indicates an overall bearish trend so long as the prices continue to close below 1.7657.
A Potential 1000 Pip Move? Well not quite. Based on the latest technical analysis, the formation of a head and shoulders reversal pattern is developing, and should it follow through, we would be looking at a downside target of approximately 965 pips.
How was this estimation reached? Let me explain. Below the chart highlights the developing Head and Shoulders reversal pattern.
Next we draw the neckline in blue. We then measure the distance between the neckline and the top of the head formation and record this figure. Once the price closes below the neckline closest to the right shoulder, we minus the length of this distance to the levels below creating a price target.
In this case, we see a target price of 1.6265 or (1.7230 - 965 = 1.6265). What I find most interesting with this potential price target (1.6265) is the fact that the 1.62 regions have been known to be a substantial area of support back in September last year when the latest bull run first began to emerge. It's almost as if the pair is attempting to return full circle should this move come to fruition.
With both domestic economies currently under fire, it will be tough to know which of these currencies will win the battle and come out on top. If Brexit negotiations are as much of a mess as we're lead to believe in the media, it's only logical that the Pound will haemorrhage across the board and we could see some severe moves such as this. However, given the level of risk out there in the markets at this stage, we could just as quickly see the Australian Dollar lose its footing and tumble down.
By Adam Taylor CFTe This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis. They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions. Trading Forex and Derivatives carries a high level of risk.
Sources: Tradingview, Bloomberg

The FOMC Meeting is set to be the highlight of the week as it might revive the rising trend of the US dollar. Watchful eyes are glued to the reactions of the financial markets as the new tariffs officially take effect today. The policy divergence between the Fed and other central banks have put the US dollar in the spotlight and traders are keen to see how the Fed will play a probable fourth rate hike in December.
EURUSD Fundamental Analysis The EURUSD pair mainly found support by a weak US dollar last week. As we progressed into a new week, the Germany IFO Business Climate and EX CPI figures will be the main events on the data front for the Euro. Core inflation is expected to remain the same while elevated energy prices should drive headline inflation slightly higher at 2.1%.
On the political front, attention will be on the Italian Budget. Technical Analysis The pair has formed an ascending triangle and the breakout through the resistance level might be the signal of a bullish formation. The uptrend line shows that sellers are losing control and bulls are pushing the pair higher.
It is currently trading around the 1.1740 level, and a firm confirmation above that level could provide bulls with trading opportunities. GBPUSD Fundamental Analysis After the renewed confidence over positive Brexit news, the Sterling is trading on the back foot again. A lack of economic releases on the UK-calendar will cause the pair to be mostly driven by Brexit related news.
Technical Analysis After falling out of the overbought RSI conditions, the Gravestone Doji candle which formed on the weekly chart in an uptrend pattern shows that the selling pressures were able to push prices back down to the opening price of the week. This can signal that the uptrend could be over and long positions should trade cautiously. However, Friday’s sell-off might also be panic-selling so bears should wait and see for a clear down direction to act.
AUDUSD Fundamental Analysis This pair remains vulnerable to the US-Sino trade war. A lack of macroeconomic data during the week with only some releases on Friday will likely stay driven by trade angst. Technical Analysis On the technical side, the pair remains trapped in a bearish channel.
The pair has stayed dampened in since the beginning of the February 2018.

First Quarter Overview - Massive Swings and Volatility in Stock Markets First quarter of the year ended with markets experiencing massive swings and volatility. Higher bond yields, revised inflation expectations and a potential trade war brought fears to the markets, making investors very sensitive to any economic data releases or changes in the markets. Markets were comfortable to the “artificial” low interest rates for a decade.
Higher bond yields rattled the markets as investors realized that the “ era of low interest rates which was created artificially by quantitative easing” is coming to an end. After the financial crisis in 2008, major central banks across the world cut their base lending rates. The below graph depicts the dramatic change in interest rates after the crisis.
With a stronger global economy, central banks have started unwinding the post-GFC monetary stimulus and policymakers are ready to change their stance on interest rates which are putting pressure on the bond markets Traders are in a fragile state of mind as higher interest rates mean that safer bonds are offering greater returns, making risky stocks less attractive. After February’s tumble, stock markets’ volatility soared on the aggressive tariffs stance taken by President Trump. A potential trade war between China and U.S, the world’s two largest economies, are threatening the spectrum of global trade.
Even though President Trump is confident that “trade wars are good and easy to win”, it seems that he is forgetting that history is telling a different story. Markets are swinging between risk off and risk on mode following any tit-for-tat response from the US and China. At the Boao Forum, President Xi’s speech managed to ease some concerns, but investors stay worried as the unpredictability and uncertainty around global trade could put considerable pressure on the markets.

Federal Budget 2018: A Mixed Reaction By Deepta Bolaky Treasurer Scott Morrison handed down his third incorporating tax cuts, superannuation benefits, aged care spending and significant infrastructure spending. The highlight is its plan to hand out $140 billion in tax cuts over the next 7 years possibly making the budget a strong “pre-election” one. It also focused on providing immediate tax relief to the low and middle-income earners by proposing an “offset at the end of the year” effective from 01 July 2018.
The government plans to partly compensate for the loss in revenue from the income tax cuts by taxing illicit tobacco and putting a $10,000 cap on cash payments in an attempt to crackdown on the black economy. The Australian economy entered its 27 th consecutive year of growth and bringing back a budget surplus within the next 2 years appears to be a realistic expectation according to the government. It is also expected that by 2028-29 net debt will decline to 3.8 per cent of GDP.
Source: Business Insider Reactions from the markets so far... Whilst most sectors saw positives out of the proposed measure and policies, it was hard to see the same reaction from the financial sector which makes up almost 30 per cent of the S&P/ASX200 (by market capitalization) after the announcement of a new (proposed) tax on bank liabilities. Consumer discretionary and Consumer staples were mostly positive as tax cuts are expected to boost consumer confidence and spending, seen as favorable for underlying stocks.
Infrastructure and Healthcare also got a lift following the proposed spending plans and policies. No exit fees, a cap on annual fees for superannuation and an overhaul for R&D refunds were understandably drivers of a sell-off in Biotech and Superannuation stocks. Source: Bloomberg The positive sustained reaction from Bond markets is expected to last as the early balance surplus is a quite a crucial factor to consider since it will give support to the country’s AAA credit rating.
The initial impact on the Australian Dollar remains mixed so far. However, it is worth keeping an eye to see how the Budget will unfold over the coming weeks and months.
