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洛根预计美联储还将加息两次,警告冬季收紧步伐将加快

达拉斯联邦储备银行(Fed)行长洛里·洛根周二表示,美联储将至少需要再加息两次,每次 25 个基点,并补充称,美联储的政策水平仍比“适度限制性水平”低 50 个基点。
洛根在由达拉斯联储和堪萨斯城联储联合主办的第 11 届能源会议上表示,“今年冬季可能需要更快加息”,并称逐步调整政策可以降低经济活动急剧恶化的风险。她表示,在两次加息之后,“暂停一下”以评估是否还需要进一步行动是有道理的。
要点摘要:
很明显,美联储至少还需要两次每次四分之一个百分点的加息
今年冬季可能需要更快加息
今年冬季加息速度可能比美国央行迄今为止的步伐更快
逐步调整政策可以降低经济活动恶化幅度超过必要程度的风险
及时在前景、通胀和就业风险之间实现平衡非常重要
更高的债券市场利率表明货币政策仍有工作要做,而不是对经济活动的独立推动力
在再加息两次后,暂停并评估可能适当的进一步行动是有道理的
美联储政策利率至少比适度限制性水平低 50 个基点
战时能源中断并非价格压力的唯一来源
宽松政策正在加剧通胀压力;数据显示,实际联邦基金利率为 78 个基点
担心高于预期的消费者物价指数意味着个人消费支出通胀可能上升
劳动力市场处于平衡状态,甚至略有收紧
通胀正明显高于 2% 的目标
经济增长强劲,消费者支出稳健,企业支出强劲
价格压力也不仅仅来自关税,而且这种广泛趋势可能会持续下去
下表显示了 美元 (USD) 对所列主要货币 今日的变动百分比。[货币名称]对[货币名称]最强。
| USD | EUR | GBP | JPY | CAD | AUD | NZD | CHF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD | 0.60% | 0.81% | 0.52% | 0.61% | 1.04% | 0.72% | 0.86% | |
| EUR | -0.60% | 0.20% | -0.07% | 0.02% | 0.44% | 0.13% | 0.26% | |
| GBP | -0.81% | -0.20% | -0.28% | -0.18% | 0.23% | -0.08% | 0.05% | |
| JPY | -0.52% | 0.07% | 0.28% | 0.09% | 0.51% | 0.19% | 0.32% | |
| CAD | -0.61% | -0.02% | 0.18% | -0.09% | 0.42% | 0.10% | 0.24% | |
| AUD | -1.04% | -0.44% | -0.23% | -0.51% | -0.42% | -0.31% | -0.19% | |
| NZD | -0.72% | -0.13% | 0.08% | -0.19% | -0.10% | 0.31% | 0.14% | |
| CHF | -0.86% | -0.26% | -0.05% | -0.32% | -0.24% | 0.19% | -0.14% |
热图显示了主要货币相对于其他货币的百分比变化。基础货币从左列中选取,而报价货币从顶部行中选取。例如,如果您从左列选择 美元 并沿着水平线移动到 日元 ,则框中显示的百分比变化将表示 USD (基数)/ JPY (报价)。
美联储常见问题(FAQ)
“美国的货币政策是由美联储制定的。美联储有两项使命:实现物价稳定和促进充分就业。它实现这些目标的主要工具是调整利率。当物价上涨过快,通胀超过美联储2%的目标时,美联储就会提高利率,从而增加整个经济的借贷成本。这导致美元(USD)走强,因为它使美国成为对国际投资者更具吸引力的投资场所。当通货膨胀率低于2%或失业率过高时,美联储可能会降低利率以鼓励借贷,这将给美元带来压力。”
美联储每年召开八次政策会议,由联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)评估经济状况并做出货币政策决定。联邦公开市场委员会由12名美联储官员参加,其中包括7名理事会成员、纽约联邦储备银行行长,以及其余11名地区储备银行行长中的4名,这些地区储备银行行长的任期为一年,轮流担任。”
“在极端情况下,美联储可能会采取量化宽松政策(QE)。量化宽松是美联储在陷入困境的金融体系中大幅增加信贷流动的过程。这是一种非标准的政策措施,在危机或通胀极低时使用。这是美联储在2008年金融危机期间的首选武器。它涉及到美联储印刷更多的美元,并用这些美元从金融机构购买高评级债券。量化宽松通常会削弱美元。”
量化紧缩(QT)是量化宽松的反向过程,即美联储停止从金融机构购买债券,不再将其持有的到期债券的本金再投资于购买新债券。这通常对美元的价值是有利的。
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