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O anúncio do cessar-fogo de 8 de abril e as discussões paralelas em torno de uma trégua de 45 dias não resolveram a interrupção do Estreito de Ormuz. Por enquanto, eles limitaram o pior cenário possível, mas o tráfego de petroleiros permanece em uma fração dos níveis normais e a demanda do Irã por taxas de trânsito sinaliza uma mudança estrutural, não temporária.
O que começou como um conflito regional se tornou um choque energético global, e a questão para os mercados não é mais se Ormuz foi interrompida, mas como a interrupção muda permanentemente o piso de preços do petróleo.
Principais conclusões
- Cerca de 20 milhões de barris por dia (bpd) de petróleo e produtos petrolíferos normalmente passam pelo Estreito de Ormuz, entre o Irã e Omã, o equivalente a cerca de um quinto do consumo global de petróleo e cerca de 30% do comércio marítimo global de petróleo.
- Isso é um choque de fluxo, não um problema de estoque. Os mercados de petróleo dependem do rendimento contínuo, não do armazenamento estático.
- Se a interrupção persistir além de algumas semanas, o Brent poderá passar de um pico de curto prazo para um choque de preços mais amplo, com risco de estagflação.
- O tráfego de petroleiros pelo estreito caiu de cerca de 135 navios por dia para menos de 15 no pico da interrupção, uma redução de aproximadamente 85%, com mais de 150 embarcações ancoradas, desviadas ou atrasadas.
- Um cessar-fogo de duas semanas foi anunciado em 8 de abril, com negociações de trégua de 45 dias em andamento. O Irã sinalizou separadamente uma demanda por taxas de trânsito em embarcações que usam o estreito, o que, se formalizado, representaria um piso geopolítico permanente nos custos de energia.
- Os mercados começaram a se afastar do crescimento e da exposição à tecnologia para nomes de energia e defesa, refletindo a visão de que o petróleo elevado está se tornando um custo estrutural em vez de um prêmio de risco temporário.
O ponto de estrangulamento de petróleo mais crítico do mundo
O Estreito de Ormuz movimenta cerca de 20 milhões de barris por dia de petróleo e produtos petrolíferos, o equivalente a cerca de 20% do consumo global de petróleo e cerca de 30% do comércio marítimo global de petróleo. Com a demanda global de petróleo em torno de 104 milhões de bpd e a capacidade não utilizada limitada, o mercado já estava fortemente equilibrado antes da última escalada.
O estreito também é um corredor crítico para o gás natural liquefeito. Cerca de 290 milhões de metros cúbicos de GNL transitaram pela rota todos os dias, em média, em 2024, representando cerca de 20% do comércio global de GNL, com os mercados asiáticos como principal destino.
A Agência Internacional de Energia (IEA) descreveu Ormuz como o ponto de estrangulamento do trânsito de petróleo mais importante do mundo, observando que mesmo interrupções parciais podem desencadear grandes movimentos de preços. O petróleo Brent subiu acima de USD 100 o barril, refletindo tanto a rigidez física quanto o aumento do prêmio de risco geopolítico.
Tanques ociosos enquanto os fluxos diminuem
Os dados de frete e seguro agora apontam para problemas em tempo real. Relata-se que mais de 85 grandes transportadores de petróleo bruto estão presos no Golfo Pérsico, enquanto mais de 150 navios foram ancorados, desviados ou atrasados à medida que os operadores reavaliam a segurança e a cobertura do seguro. Isso deixaria cerca de 120 milhões a 150 milhões de barris de petróleo bruto parados no mar.
Esses volumes representam apenas seis a sete dias de produção normal de Ormuz, ou pouco mais de um dia de consumo global de petróleo.
Os dados atualizados de transporte e seguro agora confirmam que mais de 150 embarcações foram ancoradas, desviadas ou atrasadas, acima das 85 relatadas inicialmente. Os 1,3 dias de cobertura do consumo global de petróleo bruto ocioso continuam sendo a restrição vinculativa: isso é um choque de fluxo, não um problema de armazenamento, e o cessar-fogo ainda não se traduziu em uma produtividade significativamente restaurada.
Um mercado baseado no fluxo, não no armazenamento
Os mercados de petróleo funcionam em movimento contínuo. Refinarias, plantas petroquímicas e cadeias de suprimentos globais são calibradas para entregas estáveis ao longo de rotas marítimas previsíveis. Quando os fluxos passam por um ponto de estrangulamento que carrega cerca de um quinto do consumo global de petróleo e cerca de 30% do comércio marítimo global de petróleo são interrompidos, o sistema pode passar do equilíbrio ao déficit em poucos dias.
A capacidade de produção não utilizada, amplamente concentrada na OPEP, é estimada em apenas 3 milhões a 5 milhões de bpd. Isso fica bem aquém dos volumes em risco se os fluxos de Ormuz forem severamente interrompidos.
Oil market analysis
How long do idle tankers last?
135M idle barrels — days of cover against each demand benchmark
vs. Strait of Hormuz daily flow (20M bbl/day)
vs. Global oil consumption (104M bbl/day)
vs. US Strategic Petroleum Reserve release (1M bbl/day)
135M
idle barrels on tankers (midpoint of 120–150M range)
~33%
of daily Hormuz flow that is idle storage, not transit
<31 hrs
is all idle storage against global daily consumption
Riscos de inflação e repercussões macro
O impacto inflacionário de um choque de petróleo normalmente chega em ondas. Preços mais altos de combustível e energia podem elevar a inflação global rapidamente, à medida que os custos de gasolina, diesel e energia aumentam.
Com o tempo, custos mais altos de energia podem passar por frete, alimentos, manufatura e serviços. Se a interrupção persistir, a combinação de inflação elevada e crescimento mais lento pode aumentar o risco de um ambiente estagflacionário e deixar os bancos centrais enfrentando uma difícil troca.
Sem compensação fácil, um sistema com pouca folga
O que torna o episódio atual particularmente agudo é a falta de folga no sistema global.
A oferta e a demanda globais de cerca de 103 milhões a 104 milhões de bpd deixam pouca reserva quando um ponto de estrangulamento que movimenta quase 20 milhões de bpd, ou cerca de um quinto do consumo global de petróleo, é comprometido. A capacidade não utilizada estimada de 3 milhões a 5 milhões de bpd, principalmente dentro da OPEP, cobriria apenas uma fração dos volumes em risco.
Rotas alternativas, incluindo oleodutos que contornam Ormuz e reencaminhamentos marítimos, só podem compensar parcialmente os fluxos perdidos e, geralmente, com custos mais altos e prazos de entrega mais longos.
Conclusão
Até que o trânsito pelo Estreito de Ormuz seja restaurado e visto como confiavelmente seguro, é provável que os fluxos globais de petróleo permaneçam prejudicados e os prêmios de risco elevados. Para investidores, formuladores de políticas e tomadores de decisão corporativos, a questão central é se o petróleo pode se mover para onde precisa ir, todos os dias, sem interrupção.
It is set to be a busy week over in the US with major companies, including General Electric, Johnson & Johnson, Microsoft, Tesla, Apple and McDonald's set to release their earnings figures for the previous quarter. International Business Machines Co. (IBM) released their latest figures after the closing bell on Monday. The US technology giant reported total revenue of $16.695 billion in Q4, beating analyst forecast of $15.96 billion.
Earnings per share reported at $3.35 per share, also beating Wall Street analyst estimates of $3.39 per share. Arvind Krishna, IBM chairman and CEO commented on the latest results following the announcement: "We increased revenue in the fourth quarter with hybrid cloud adoption driving growth in software and consulting." "Our fourth-quarter results give us confidence in our ability to deliver our objectives of sustained mid-single digit revenue growth and strong free cash flow in 2022," Krishna added. International Business Machines Co. chart (1Y) Shares of IBM little changed on Monday, ending the day down by 0.41%.
The stock is up by 8.64% in the past year at $128.82 per share. IBM is the 123 rd largest company in the world and with a total market cap of $115.46 billion. You can trade International Business Machines Co. (IBM) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX and the ASX with GO Markets as a Share CFD.
Sources: International Business Machines Co., TradingView, CompaniesMarketCap
Verizon Communications Inc. (VZ) released their previous quarter financial results before the market open on Tuesday. The US telecommunication giant topped Wall Street analyst expectations on both revenue and earnings per share. The company reported total revenue of $34.1 billion vs. $34.056 billion expected.
Earnings per share at $1.31 a share vs. $1.28 a share forecast. "Verizon delivered another strong earnings performance this quarter,” Verizon Chief Financial Officer Matt Ellis said about the latest results. Verizon Chairman and CEO Hans Vestberg commented on the past years results for the company and made predictions for the year ahead: "2021 was a transformational year for Verizon that will serve as a catalyst for us." "We delivered on all of our goals in 2021 and made great progress on our five paths of growth, finishing the year with strong operating and financial momentum. As we move into 2022, we have the necessary assets to realize our strategy that we laid out in 2019.
We are laser focused on executing our 5G strategy and providing value to our customers, shareholders, employees, and society, as 2022 will be the most exciting year yet for Verizon," he added. Verizon Communications Inc. chart (Weekly) Verizon share price little changed during the trading day on Tuesday, down by around 0.31%. The stock is down by around 9.63% in the past year at $52.84 a share.
Verizon Communications Inc. is the 45 th largest company in the world and with a total market cap of $220.99 billion. You can trade Verizon Communications Inc. (VZ) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX and the ASX with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Verizon Communications Inc., TradingView, GO Markets MT5, CompaniesMarketCap
Tesla Inc. (TSLA) reported its Q4 2021 results after the market close on Wednesday. The world’s largest automaker exceeded analyst expectations on both revenue and earnings per share. The company reported total revenue of $17.719 billion in the fourth quarter vs. $17.132 billion expected.
Earnings per share reported at $2.54 vs. $2.36 per share forecast. Tesla produced 305,840 cars in the fourth quarter and deliveries reach 308,600 vehicles. Last year, Elon Musk’s company delivered a total of 930,422 vehicles. ''2021 was a breakthrough year for Tesla.
There should no longer be doubt about the viability and profitability of electric vehicles.'' ''After a successful 2021, our focus shifts to the future. We aim to increase our production as quickly as we can, not only through ramping production at new factories in Austin and Berlin, but also by maximizing output from our established factories in Fremont and Shanghai. We believe competitiveness in the EV market will be determined by the ability to add capacity across the supply chain and ramp production.'' ''While 2021 was a defining year for our company, we believe we are just at the very early stages of our journey.
Thank you for being part of it,'' Tesla said in a letter to shareholders. Tesla chart (Weekly) Share price of Tesla ended the trading day up by 2.07% on Wednesday at $936.70 a share. The stock is up by 8.48% in the past year.
Tesla is the 6 th largest company in the world and with a total market cap of $941.40 billion. You can trade Tesla Inc. (TSLA) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX and the ASX with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Tesla Inc., TradingView, GO Markets MT5, CompaniesMarketCap
Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) reported its Q4 earnings before the opening bell on Wall Street on Tuesday. Let’s take a closer look at how the pharmaceutical giant performed in the previous quarter. The company reported total revenue of $24.804 billion in Q4 (up by 10.4% from the same period in 2020), below analyst forecast of $25.276 billion.
Earnings per share at $2.13 a share in the previous quarter (up by 14.5%, pretty much in line with analyst forecast of $2.12 a share. Joaquin Duato, Chief Executive Officer commented on the Q4 and 2021 results: ''Our 2021 performance reflects continued strength across all segments of our business. Guided by Our Credo, I am honoured to assume the role of CEO, leading our global teams in continuing our work to deliver life-changing solutions to consumers, patients, and health care providers.'' ''Given our strong results, financial profile, and innovative pipeline we are well positioned for success in 2022 and beyond,'' Duato added.
Johnson & Johnson chart (Monthly) Share price trading higher following the latest results, up by around 2% during the trading day on Tuesday at $166.66 per share. Johnson & Johnson is the 12 th largest company in the world and with a total market cap of $438.19 billion. You can trade Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX and the ASX with GO Markets as a Share CFD.
Sources: Johnson & Johnson, TradingView, GO Markets MT5, CompaniesMarketCap
Goldman Sachs reported its latest financial results for the previous quarter before the US market open on Tuesday. Let’s take a closer look at the key numbers. The company reported higher than expected revenue for Q4 2021 of $12.639 billion vs. $12.044 billion estimate.
Earnings per share (EPS) at $10.81 per share in Q4 2021, below Wall Street analyst expectations of $11.77 per share. In 2021, Goldman Sachs generated record net revenues of $59.34 billion, record net earnings of $21.64 billion and record diluted EPS of $59.45 – all significantly surpassing previous records. David Solomon, Chairman and CEO commented on last year’s performance: ''2021 was a record year for Goldman Sachs.
The firm’s extraordinary performance is a testament to the strength of our client franchise and people. Moving forward, our leadership team remains committed to growing Goldman Sachs, diversifying our businesses and delivering strong returns for shareholders.'' Goldman Sachs chart (1Y) Shares of Goldman tumbled on Tuesday following the latest results, down by around 7%. The stock is up by 19% in the last year at $350.60 per share.
Goldman Sachs is the 117 th largest company in the world and with a total market cap of $127.07 billion. You can trade Goldman Sachs (GS) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ and the ASX with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Goldman Sachs, TradingView, CompaniesMarketCap
Bank of America announced its 2021 Q4 financial results before the opening bell on Wall Street on Wednesday. World’s 2 nd largest bank reported total revenue of $22.06 billion, falling short of analyst estimate of $22.18 billion. Earnings per share at $0.82 a share in the previous quarter, above analyst forecast of $0.77 a share.
Chairman and CEO, Brian Moynihan commented on the latest results: "Our fourth-quarter results were driven by strong organic growth, record levels of digital engagement, and an improving economy. We grew loans by $51 billion and added $100 billion of deposits during the quarter, further strengthening our position as the leader in retail deposits." "We earned a record $32 billion in 2021, with every business line solidly contributing. In Consumer, we added millions of new credit card accounts and nearly a million net new checking accounts as we continued to demonstrate the value we provide through our physical and digital capabilities.
Wealth Management had record client flows and the strongest client acquisition numbers since before the pandemic. Investment Banking had its best year ever and Global Markets had its highest sales and trading revenue in a decade, led by record Equities performance as we invested in the business." "We also continued to support our communities, helping them address some of society’s biggest challenges, including the environment, the pandemic, racial equality and economic opportunity. I want to thank our talented teammates across the globe for all their work over the past year," he added.
Bank of America chart (1Y) Share price of Bank of America little changed during the trading day on Wednesday. The stock is up by 45% in the past year at $46.58 per share. Bank of America is the 20 th largest company in the world and with a total market cap of $383.21 billion.
You can trade Bank of America (BAC) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ and the ASX with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Bank of America, TradingView, CompaniesMarketCap