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4月8日宣布的停火以及围绕45天休战的平行讨论并未解决霍尔木兹海峡的混乱问题。目前,他们已经限制了最坏的情况,但油轮运输量仍处于正常水平的一小部分,伊朗对过境费的需求预示着结构性转变,而不是暂时的转变。
最初的地区冲突已成为全球能源冲击,市场面临的问题不再是霍尔木兹是否受到干扰,而是这种混乱对石油的最低定价产生了多大的永久性影响。
关键要点
- 每天约有2000万桶(桶)的石油和石油产品通常通过伊朗和阿曼之间的霍尔木兹海峡,相当于全球石油消费量的约五分之一,约占全球海运石油贸易的30%。
- 这是流量冲击,不是库存问题。石油市场依赖于持续的吞吐量,而不是静态存储。
- 如果中断持续超过几周,布伦特原油可能会从短期飙升转向更广泛的价格冲击,存在滞胀风险。
- 穿越海峡的油轮运输量从每天约135艘下降到中断高峰期的不到15艘船只,减少了约85%,超过150艘船只停泊、改道或延误。
- 4月8日宣布了为期两周的停火,为期45天的休战谈判正在进行之中。伊朗已分别表示要求对使用该海峡的船只收取过境费,如果正式确定,这将是能源成本的永久地缘政治最低标准。
- 市场已经开始从增长和技术敞口转向能源和国防企业,这反映了人们的观点,即石油价格上涨正在成为结构性成本,而不是暂时的风险溢价。
世界上最关键的石油阻塞点
霍尔木兹海峡每天处理大约2000万桶石油和石油产品,相当于全球石油消费量的20%和全球海运石油贸易的30%左右。由于全球石油需求接近1.04亿桶/日,且剩余产能有限,在最近的升级之前,市场已经处于紧密平衡状态。
该海峡也是液化天然气的重要走廊。2024年,平均每天约有2.9亿立方米的液化天然气通过该路线,约占全球液化天然气贸易的20%,亚洲市场是主要目的地。
国际能源署(IEA)将霍尔木兹描述为世界上最重要的石油运输阻塞点,并指出,即使是部分中断也可能引发价格的大幅波动。布伦特原油已跌破每桶100美元,这既反映了物质紧张,也反映了地缘政治风险溢价的上升。

由于流量减慢,油轮处于空转状态
现在,航运和保险数据实时显示压力。据报道,超过85艘大型原油运输船滞留在波斯湾,而由于运营商重新评估安全和保险,有150多艘船舶停泊、改道或延误。据估计,这将使1.2亿至1.5亿桶原油在海上闲置。
这些量仅代表霍尔木兹正常吞吐量的六到七天,或略高于一天的全球石油消费。
最新的航运和保险数据现在证实,有150多艘船只停泊、改道或延误,高于最初报告的85艘船只。闲置原油的1.3天全球消费保障仍然是约束性制约因素:这是流量冲击,不是储存问题,停火尚未转化为产量的实质性恢复。
建立在流量而不是存储基础上的市场
石油市场在持续波动中运作。炼油厂、石化厂和全球供应链经过调整,可以沿着可预测的海道稳定交付。当流经占全球石油消耗量约五分之一和全球海运石油贸易约30%的阻塞点时,该系统可以在几天之内从平衡变为赤字。
剩余产能主要集中在欧佩克内,估计仅为每天300万至500万桶。这远低于霍尔木兹水流受到严重干扰时面临的风险交易量。
通货膨胀风险和宏观溢出效应
石油冲击的通货膨胀影响通常以波浪形式出现。随着汽油、柴油和电力成本的上涨,燃料和能源价格的上涨可能会迅速提振总体通货膨胀。
随着时间的推移,更高的能源成本可能会流向货运、食品、制造业和服务业。如果混乱持续下去,通货膨胀率上升和增长放缓相结合,可能会增加滞胀环境的风险,使中央银行面临艰难的权衡。
不容易抵消,系统几乎没有松弛
当前局势之所以特别严重,是因为全球体系缺乏松弛。
当处理近2,000万桶/日(约占全球石油消耗量的五分之一)的阻塞点受到损害时,将近1.03亿至1.04亿桶的全球供需几乎没有备用缓冲。估计每天300万至500万桶的剩余产能,主要在欧佩克内部,只能覆盖风险产量的一小部分。
替代路线,包括绕过霍尔木兹的管道和改道运输,只能部分抵消流量的损失,而且通常成本更高,交货时间更长。
底线
在霍尔木兹海峡的过境恢复并被视为可靠安全之前,全球石油流动可能继续受损,风险溢价上升。对于投资者、政策制定者和企业决策者来说,核心问题是石油能否每天不间断地转移到需要去的地方。


Deere & Co. (DE) reported its financial results on Friday for the third quarter ended July 31, 2022. The American manufacturer of farm machinery and industrial equipment reported revenue of $13 billion for the quarter, slightly above analyst estimate of $12.927 billion. Earnings per share fell short of estimates at $6.16 per share vs. $6.65 per share expected. ''We're proud of the extraordinary efforts by our employees to increase factory output and get products to customers under challenging circumstances,'' said John C.
May, CEO of Deere & Co. ''At the same time, our results reflected higher costs and production inefficiencies driven by the difficult supply-chain situation.'' ''Looking ahead, we believe favorable conditions will continue into 2023 based on the strong response we have experienced to early-order programs.'' ''We are working closely with our factories and suppliers to meet higher levels of customer demand next year. Additionally, we are confident the company’s smart industrial strategy and leap ambitions will continue unlocking new value for customers through Deere’s advanced technologies and solutions,'' May concluded. Deere & Co. (DE) chart The stock was down by around 1% at the open on Friday at $364.12 per share.
Here is how the stock has performed in the past year: 1 month +17.85% 3 months +45% Year-to-date +32% 1 year +71% Deere & Co. price targets JP Morgan: $325 Citigroup: $340 Deutsche Bank: $388 Barclays: $400 Credit Suisse: $472 Deere & Co. is the 113 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $112.47 billion. You can trade Deere & Co. (DE) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX and the ASX with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Deere & Co., TradingView, MarketWatch, Benzinga, CompaniesMarketCap


Target Corporation (TGT) reported its second quarter earnings results before the opening bell on Wall Street on Wednesday. The US retailer reported revenue of $26.037 billion (up 3.5% year-over-year), which was slightly above analyst estimate of $26.032 billion. Earnings per share reported at $0.39 per share (down 89.2% year-over-year) vs. $0.79 per share expected. ''I’m really pleased with the underlying performance of our business, which continues to grow traffic and sales while delivering broad-based unit-share gains in a very challenging environment,'' Brian Cornell, chairman and CEO of Target Corporation commented on the second quarter results. ''I want to thank our team for their tireless work to deliver on the inventory rightsizing goals we announced in June.
While these inventory actions put significant pressure on our near-term profitability, we’re confident this was the right long-term decision in support of our guests, our team and our business. Looking ahead, the team is energized and ready to serve our guests in the back half of the year, with a safe, clean, uncluttered shopping experience, compelling value across every category, and a fresh assortment to serve our guests’ wants and needs,'' Cornell concluded. Target Corporation (TGT) chart The stock was down by 2.69% on Wednesday at $174.85 per share.
Here is how the stock has performed in the past year: 1 month +12.04% 3 months +8.50% Year-to-date -24.24% 1 year -29.18% Target price targets JP Morgan $190 Wells Fargo $195 Piper Sandler $190 Barclays $175 UBS $205 Deutsche Bank $198 Morgan Stanley $190 Goldman Sachs $171 Target Corporation is the 166 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $81.37 billion. You can trade Target Corporation (TGT) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX and the ASX with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Target Corporation, TradingView, MetaTrader 5, Benzinga, CompaniesMarketCap


Li Auto Inc. (LI) reported its unaudited second quarter financial results on Monday. The Chinese automaker fell short of analyst estimates for the quarter. World’s 16 th largest automaker reported revenue of $1.207 billion vs. $1.416 billion expected.
The company reported a loss per share of -$0.04 for the quarter vs. -$0.02 loss per share expected. ''We delivered solid second quarter results in an environment with challenges and uncertainties through operational and product excellence. Our vehicles continued to win family users, not only illustrating the strength of our vehicle and the growing appeal of our brand, but also reaffirming the effectiveness of our strategy,'' Xiang Li, founder, chairman, and CEO of Li Auto said in a press release. Tie Li, CFO of Li Auto also commented on the latest results: ''We are pleased with our solid second quarter results in the face of numerous pandemic-related challenges.
Driven by our strong vehicle deliveries, our revenues reached RMB8.73 billion for the second quarter, up 73.3% year over year. The power of our product, our execution consistency, and operational resilience enabled us to mitigate the cost inflation affecting the entire industry. As a result, our second quarter gross margin remained relatively solid at 21.5%, up 2.6 percentage points year over year, and our cash flow from operations reached RMB1.13 billion.
In addition, with the ongoing at-the-market offering of up to US$2.0 billion of American depositary shares, we are further strengthening our capital base to support our robust growth trajectory going forward.'' Li Auto delivered 28,687 vehicles in Q2 – an increase of 63.2% year-over-year. Li Auto Inc. (LI) chart The share price of Li Auto was down by around 1% on Monday, trading at $32.11 a share. Here is how the stock has performed in the past year: 1 Month -18.62% 3 Month +44.73% Year-to-date -0.72% 1 Year +15.22% Li Auto price targets Citigroup $58 UBS $52 Morgan Stanley $41 Barclays $40 Deutsche Bank $35 Jefferies $44 Li Auto is the 585 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $30.74 billion.
You can trade Li Auto Inc. (LI) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX and the ASX with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Li Auto Inc., TradingView, MetaTrader 5, Benzinga, CompaniesMarketCap


Rivian Automotive Inc. (RIVN) announced its Q2 financial results after the closing bell in the US on Thursday. The American automaker reported revenue of $364 million vs. estimate of $335.378 million. The company reported a loss per share of -$1.62 per share vs. -$1.63 per share expected. ''The second quarter of 2022 represented important progress as we delivered against key operational and commercial milestones.
We continued to ramp production on our R1 and RCV platform lines, producing 4,401 total vehicles during the quarter compared to 2,553 in the first quarter of 2022. We also rolled out EDV 700s with Amazon in more than a dozen cities in the United States, started production validation builds for the EDV 500, launched our fast charging Rivian Adventure Network, and initiated our new consumer vehicle reservation system. We remain focused on fully ramping our 150,000 installed annual units of capacity in Normal, Illinois to meet the strong demand for our products.
Our net consumer pre-order backlog as of June 30, 2022 was approximately 98,000 and momentum continues to increase,'' the company said in a letter to shareholders. ''In the second quarter of 2022, we produced 4,401 vehicles. Our equipment, people, systems, and supply chain continue to show progress as we work towards our 2022 production guidance of 25,000 units. Supply chain continues to be the limiting factor of our production; however, through close partnership with our suppliers we are making progress.
We expect to be able to add a second shift for vehicle assembly towards the end of the third quarter.'' Rivian Automotive Inc. (RIVN) chart Shares of Rivian were up by 4.14% at the close of trading on Thursday at $38.89 a share. Here is how the stock has performed year-to-date: 1 month +26.34% 3 months +60.29% Year-to-date -62.44% Rivian price targets HSBC $28 Mizuho $48 Citigroup $41 Morgan Stanley $31 B of A Securities $26 UBS $32 Barclays $34 Rivian is the 518 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $34.01 billion. You can trade Rivian Automotive Inc. (RIVN) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX and the ASX with GO Markets as a Share CFD.
Sources: Rivian Automotive Inc., TradingView, MetaTrader 5, Benzinga, CompaniesMarketCap


The Walt Disney Company (DIS) reported the latest financial results for its third fiscal quarter after the closing bell on Wednesday. World’s largest entertainment company reported revenue of $21.504 billion for the quarter (up 26% year-over-year), topping Wall Street forecast of $20.994 billion. Earnings per share reported at $1.09 per share (up 35% year-over-year) vs. $0.97 per share estimate. ''We had an excellent quarter, with our world-class creative and business teams powering outstanding performance at our domestic theme parks, big increases in live-sports viewership, and significant subscriber growth at our streaming services.
With 14.4 million Disney+ subscribers added in the fiscal third quarter, we now have 221 million total subscriptions across our streaming offerings,'' said Bob Chapek, CEO of Walt Disney in a press release. ''We continue to transform entertainment as we near our second century, with compelling new storytelling across our many platforms and unique immersive physical experiences that exceed guest expectations, all of which are reflected in our strong operating results this quarter,'' Chapek concluded. The Walt Disney Company (DIS) chart Shares of Disney were up by 3.98% at the close on Wednesday at $112.42 a share. The stock price rose by around 6% in the after-hours trading following the latest results announcement.
Here is how the stock has performed in the past year: 1 Month +20.97% 3 Month +86% Year-to-date -27.41% 1 Year -36.87% Walt Disney price targets RBC Capital $150 Truist Securities $125 Goldman Sachs $130 Wells Fargo $130 Keybanc $131 Barclays $120 Citigroup $145 Morgan Stanley $125 Deutsche Bank $130 The Walt Disney Company is the 47 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $204.78 billion. You can trade The Walt Disney Company (DIS) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX and the ASX with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: The Walt Disney Company, TradingView, MetaTrader 5, Benzinga, CompaniesMarketCap

In a time when you consumers could potentially be feeling domestic budgets tighten up, by the result of surging high inflation and rise in prices of commodities, you would be forgiven to be receiving the news that some of the biggest oil companies in the world, have acquired record profits with some skepticism, you would even question if these companies are acting in the best interests of its consumers instead of their shareholders? That’s the question that the Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Frank Pallone, Jr. (D-NJ) made, when he wrote to four major oil companies today demanding answers for how they are using their record high profits, and what – if anything – each company is doing to alleviate peoples’ pain at the pump. The letters come as drivers continue to bear the burden of higher-than-average fuel costs at the same time as the four major oil companies announced quarterly earnings of nearly $50 billion combined.
Exxon alone reported a profit of $17.9 billion – the highest quarterly profit reported by any oil company in history – while Chevron reported $11.6 billion, Shell reported $11.47 billion, and BP reported $8.45 billion ( USD ). The heat seems to be coming from all angles at the minute with various diplomats chipping in, back in June, president Joe Biden singled out Exxon for criticism, saying: Why don’t you tell them what Exxon’s profits were this year? This quarter?
Exxon made more money than God this year. Energy analysts at SP Angel says: The five remaining Majors (Exxon, Chevron, Shell, BP & Total) have announced c.$59bn in 2Q22 profits, up almost 100% y/y, and returned c.45% of this to shareholders during the quarter. Based on their aggregate $1.1 trillion market cap, this quarter would represent an implied annualised profit margin in excess of 20%.
Some however have a more pragmatic approach and advise that the sector has been haemorrhaging money the last few years, a clampdown on pollution, a focus on a greener future and investment in renewable energy have curtailed some of the industries profits. Consider that in the past 10 years, major oil and gas companies suffered tremendous losses in 2014, 2015, and 2020. In fact, in 2020 the five integrated supermajors (i.e., “Big Oil”) – ExxonMobil, BP, Shell, Chevron, and Total – lost $76 billion.
Oil prices plunged into negative territory in 2020. Were the oil companies feeling especially generous then? ExxonMobil for example doesn’t set oil prices.
They are set in the market by how much people are willing to pay, just like with Apple stock. U.S. oil companies are price takers, not price makers. Yes, speculators have an influence, just as they do with Apple stock.
Even OPEC and Russia don’t control oil prices, although they do have tremendous influence relative to ExxonMobil. If ExxonMobil decided to produce less oil to drive the price up, it just hurts ExxonMobil because OPEC and Russia can easily make that up. But if OPEC and Russia decide to produce less oil, there isn’t much the rest of the world can do to make that up.
This is a particularly unique asset class and one which investors could access in different ways, you could trade the spot price of US and UK oil also known as WTI and BRENT oil respectfully, you could directly buy or sell shares in these companies or invest in ETFs which have exposure to energy companies. If you would want to be a position to take advantage of these companies’ profits and the price action movement which follows it? Visit us here at GO Markets where you have a choice between trading the spot price as an CFD or acquiring shares through our share portfolio service.
Sources: Forbes, The Guardian, mirror.co.uk, https://energycommerce.house.gov/
