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4月8日宣布的停火以及围绕45天休战的平行讨论并未解决霍尔木兹海峡的混乱问题。目前,他们已经限制了最坏的情况,但油轮运输量仍处于正常水平的一小部分,伊朗对过境费的需求预示着结构性转变,而不是暂时的转变。
最初的地区冲突已成为全球能源冲击,市场面临的问题不再是霍尔木兹是否受到干扰,而是这种混乱对石油的最低定价产生了多大的永久性影响。
关键要点
- 每天约有2000万桶(桶)的石油和石油产品通常通过伊朗和阿曼之间的霍尔木兹海峡,相当于全球石油消费量的约五分之一,约占全球海运石油贸易的30%。
- 这是流量冲击,不是库存问题。石油市场依赖于持续的吞吐量,而不是静态存储。
- 如果中断持续超过几周,布伦特原油可能会从短期飙升转向更广泛的价格冲击,存在滞胀风险。
- 穿越海峡的油轮运输量从每天约135艘下降到中断高峰期的不到15艘船只,减少了约85%,超过150艘船只停泊、改道或延误。
- 4月8日宣布了为期两周的停火,为期45天的休战谈判正在进行之中。伊朗已分别表示要求对使用该海峡的船只收取过境费,如果正式确定,这将是能源成本的永久地缘政治最低标准。
- 市场已经开始从增长和技术敞口转向能源和国防企业,这反映了人们的观点,即石油价格上涨正在成为结构性成本,而不是暂时的风险溢价。
世界上最关键的石油阻塞点
霍尔木兹海峡每天处理大约2000万桶石油和石油产品,相当于全球石油消费量的20%和全球海运石油贸易的30%左右。由于全球石油需求接近1.04亿桶/日,且剩余产能有限,在最近的升级之前,市场已经处于紧密平衡状态。
该海峡也是液化天然气的重要走廊。2024年,平均每天约有2.9亿立方米的液化天然气通过该路线,约占全球液化天然气贸易的20%,亚洲市场是主要目的地。
国际能源署(IEA)将霍尔木兹描述为世界上最重要的石油运输阻塞点,并指出,即使是部分中断也可能引发价格的大幅波动。布伦特原油已跌破每桶100美元,这既反映了物质紧张,也反映了地缘政治风险溢价的上升。

由于流量减慢,油轮处于空转状态
现在,航运和保险数据实时显示压力。据报道,超过85艘大型原油运输船滞留在波斯湾,而由于运营商重新评估安全和保险,有150多艘船舶停泊、改道或延误。据估计,这将使1.2亿至1.5亿桶原油在海上闲置。
这些量仅代表霍尔木兹正常吞吐量的六到七天,或略高于一天的全球石油消费。
最新的航运和保险数据现在证实,有150多艘船只停泊、改道或延误,高于最初报告的85艘船只。闲置原油的1.3天全球消费保障仍然是约束性制约因素:这是流量冲击,不是储存问题,停火尚未转化为产量的实质性恢复。
建立在流量而不是存储基础上的市场
石油市场在持续波动中运作。炼油厂、石化厂和全球供应链经过调整,可以沿着可预测的海道稳定交付。当流经占全球石油消耗量约五分之一和全球海运石油贸易约30%的阻塞点时,该系统可以在几天之内从平衡变为赤字。
剩余产能主要集中在欧佩克内,估计仅为每天300万至500万桶。这远低于霍尔木兹水流受到严重干扰时面临的风险交易量。
通货膨胀风险和宏观溢出效应
石油冲击的通货膨胀影响通常以波浪形式出现。随着汽油、柴油和电力成本的上涨,燃料和能源价格的上涨可能会迅速提振总体通货膨胀。
随着时间的推移,更高的能源成本可能会流向货运、食品、制造业和服务业。如果混乱持续下去,通货膨胀率上升和增长放缓相结合,可能会增加滞胀环境的风险,使中央银行面临艰难的权衡。
不容易抵消,系统几乎没有松弛
当前局势之所以特别严重,是因为全球体系缺乏松弛。
当处理近2,000万桶/日(约占全球石油消耗量的五分之一)的阻塞点受到损害时,将近1.03亿至1.04亿桶的全球供需几乎没有备用缓冲。估计每天300万至500万桶的剩余产能,主要在欧佩克内部,只能覆盖风险产量的一小部分。
替代路线,包括绕过霍尔木兹的管道和改道运输,只能部分抵消流量的损失,而且通常成本更高,交货时间更长。
底线
在霍尔木兹海峡的过境恢复并被视为可靠安全之前,全球石油流动可能继续受损,风险溢价上升。对于投资者、政策制定者和企业决策者来说,核心问题是石油能否每天不间断地转移到需要去的地方。


Gold had been on a steady rally to the upside with the price climbing along the bullish trendline from the 1620 price level in November 2022 to reach a high of 1960 in February 2023. This move higher was driven by general market anticipation that the US Federal Reserve would pivot on its current monetary policy, slowing down or pausing future interest rate hikes sooner than expected. Fundamental Overview Last week, the US Federal Reserve, European Central Bank, and Bank of England increased their respective interest rates by 50bps.
With the central banks continuing to hike rates, and real yields rising again, gold could be viewed as a less attractive investment option. On Friday, the US non-farm employment change data was released stronger than expected at 517k (Forecast: 193k) and the US unemployment rate fell to 3.4%. This led to a significant recovery in strength for the DXY, with the price climbing to the 103 price area.
Technical Overview As the DXY strengthened, the negatively correlated Gold saw a sharp pullback, with the price trading down to the 1864.61 price level. The retracement in Gold saw it break through several key technical bullish elements, in particular, the bullish trendline from November, the 1900 round number support level, and the first Fibonacci retracement level of 23.6%, leading to the near-term technical outlook for Gold to shift from bullish to be short-term bearish. A deeper correction to the downside can be expected, as the Relative Strength Index (RSI) reversed strongly from the overbought region and through the 50.0 level.
However, the downside momentum could find support between the price range of 1800 and 1740 price range, formed by the 50% and 61.80% Fibonacci retracement levels respectively. Disclaimer: Articles are from GO Markets analysts and contributors and are based on their independent analysis or personal experiences. Views, opinions or trading styles expressed are their own, and should not be taken as either representative of or shared by GO Markets.
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The EUR has been on a run since it bottomed in September 2022. From that time, the price is up almost 15% and is currently trading at 1.0863. However, with important economic data to come out of the USA and the next interest rate decision from both the ECB and the Federal Reserve coming out in the next few days the market may find some more direction for the EUR.
A Hawkish Federal Reserve may be detrimental for a move to the upside of the EUR, whilst a Dovish response may support more growth in the EUR. In addition, with employment data to come out of the USA softer data may support a more dovish Federal reserve. In the past few days and weeks, the EUR has seen some strong momentum on the back of growth data that has seen the region avoid a recession.
Crucially, the GDP of the Eurozone grew by 0.1% which beat an expected 0.1% retraction for the quarter. A general weakening of the USD has also supported a bounce of the EUR as money has moved away from the safety of the greenback and into other assets. Technical Analysis In terms of the long-term analysis, the price has mostly ranged between 1.04 and 1.25 except when the price bottomed last year.
The price is currently showing some weakness and has so far been unable to break through 1.09 and has sold down on candlesticks that are testing the 1.09 level. Therefore, it would not be surprising to see the price retrace to the previous support level at 1.06 before another move to the upside. On the daily price chart, the price is showing a strong upward channel/trend.
This channel shows how the bottom of the channel fall along an important area of market structure. This zone acts as the 50-day moving average, the recent support level and the bottom of the channel. This bolsters this region as a zone for ana entry should the price retrace.
With a target of 1.12 this represents a risk reward of 2.5. Ultimately the trend of the EUR will most likely be dictated by the movements of the Federal reserve and the ECB. However, should the macroeconomic factors permit, the EUR could very well continue its run.


US Dollar Fundamental Analysis Recent data indicated that the U.S. economy grew strongly in the fourth quarter which has boosted the Dollar against the Euro. This has supported the Federal Reserve's hawkish stance in spite of reports that US consumer spending has fallen, and inflation has cooled. According to the Commerce Department, the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the Federal Reserve's preferred inflation measure, increased 0.1% in November after a similar gain the month before.
With traders eagerly awaiting the Federal Reserve's guidance for interest rate rises, the Dollar firmed on Monday and distanced itself from an eight-month trough. Despite last week's eight-month low of 101.50, the U.S. dollar index rose 0.03% to 101.92. US Dollar Index Technical Analysis The Dollar Index is currently testing a major support area taken from the weekly time frame, around $101.55.
It has been consolidating and testing the area for almost 10 days, strongly suggesting that bulls are starting to take back control of the market after a steady decline of roughly -4% in the last 4 weeks. In alignment with the weekly analysis, on the daily timeframe, a trend line from the lower lows can be drawn, and from the chart below, the price has recently reached the bottom of the trend line. The price has consolidated for a number of days at the weekly support level mentioned earlier.
The Dollar may potentially climb towards the resistance level at $104, if it remains above and respects the bottom of the channel.


Bitcoin has rallied extremely hard to start the year as risk on sentiment returned to begin the year with the price of the leading cryptocurrency at its highest level since August of 2022. Risk assets have been the play in early 2023 with hopes for a settling of interest rate hikes by major central banks. As the technology sector and other growth areas have continued to rise up the price of Bitcoin has followed.
The price is almost 50% up from its lows in the middle of December 2022. With the macroeconomic factors still largely the main drivers of the risk sentiment and the upcoming Federal Reserve Funds to be announced on Thursday, the rate announcement could play a large role in the short term price action. The Fed is expected to increase the official rate by 25 bps.
However, all eyes will be on the accompanying commentary that will provide important direction on the Fed’s future plans in the upcoming months. Moreover, a hawkish commentary will likely lead to a selloff in risk assets and dovish commentary the opposite. In terms of the long term perspective the price of Bitcoin has had its best month since October 2021.
The price has made a significant bounce off the 15,000-20,000 support zone and looks to have reclaimed the 50 month moving average. This indicates a potential reversal or at least shift in sentiment. The next region of resistance is the original neckline of the long-term double top, between $30,000 and $40,000.
It may be difficult for the price to break above this resistance in the short term without a catalyst. The other thing to remember is that there is a lot of supply that still needs to be worked through before any significant move upward can occur, although, the monthly candle is looking very encouraging. This next zone of resistance looks to be the primary target in the short to medium term for a long trade on Bitcoin.
Looking at the shorter term charts, they price actions tells a similar story. Specifically, on the daily chart, the price has seemingly paused as it awaits confirmation of a breakout at 25,000. If this breakout can be supported by some significant volume it may confirm the reversal.
The other element that must be considered with Bitcoin is the potential for a short squeeze. With the asset so beaten down, it is possible that shorts will become squeezed leading to aggressive moves to the upside if momentum can begin to build. Ultimately, the price action of Bitcoin will most likely be led by the overall risk sentiment in the market and as such traders should be weary of the overall market sentiment.


Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ: TSLA) reported Q4 2022 financial results after the market close in the US on Wednesday. World’s largest automaker reported revenue that fell short of Wall Street expectations at $24.32 billion (up by 37% vs. Q4 2021) vs. $24.669 billion expected.
The company beat earnings per share (EPS) estimates for Q4. EPS at $1.19 per share vs. $1.127 per share estimate. Company commentary ''Q4-2022 was another record-breaking quarter and 2022 was another record- breaking year.
In the last quarter, we achieved the highest-ever quarterly revenue, operating income and net income in our history. In 2022, total revenue grew 51% YoY to $81.5B and net income (GAP) more than doubled YoY to $12.6B.'' ''As we progress into 2023, we know that there are questions about the near- term impact of an uncertain macroeconomic environment, and in particular, with rising interest rates. The Tesla team is used to challenges, given the culture required to get the company to where it is today.
In the near term we are accelerating our cost reduction roadmap and driving towards higher production rates, while staying focused on executing against the next phase of our roadmap.'' Stock reaction The share price of Tesla was up by 0.38% at $144.34 a share at market close on Wednesday. The stock rose by around 1% in the after-hours trading after the results. Stock performance 1 month: +28.14% 3 months: -35.71% Year-to-date: +17.25% 1 year: -53.78% Tesla stock price targets High: $436 Median$194 Low: $85 Average: $208.55 Tesla is the 13 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $455.91 billion.
Tesla’s total market cap has decreased by 52% in the past year. You can trade Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ: TSLA) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX, ASX, LSE and DE with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Tesla Inc., TradingView, MarketWatch, MetaTrader 5, WSJ, CompaniesMarketCap


Mastercard Inc. (NYSE: MA) announced the latest financial results for the previous quarter before the market open on Thursday. World’s third largest financial services company beat both revenue and earnings per share (EPS) estimates for Q4 2022. The company reported revenue of $5.817 billion vs. $5.793 billion estimate.
EPS at $2.65 per share in Q4 vs. $2.575 per share expected. CEO commentary ''We closed out the year with strong financial results and notable wins which will help us capitalize on the tremendous secular shift to digital payments,'' Michael Miebach, CEO of the company said in a press release. ''As we look at the broader economy, we see the continued recovery of cross-border travel, with volumes up 59% versus a year ago and we’re encouraged by Asia opening up further. While macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainty persists, consumer spending has been remarkably resilient.
We are well prepared to adjust our investment profile quickly if needed,'' Miebach concluded. Stock reaction Share price of Mastercard dipped by around 2% on Thursday, trading at around $374 a share. Stock performance 1 month: +7.91% 3 months: +17.65% Year-to-date: +8.06% 1 year: +7.19% Mastercard stock price targets Baird: $410 Barclays: $427 Truist Securities: $450 Jefferies: $430 Keybanc: $425 UBS: $441 Wells Fargo: $405 Mizuho: $380 Morgan Stanley: $437 Mastercard is the 19 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $363.31 billion.
You can trade Mastercard Inc. (NYSE: MA) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX, ASX, LSE and DE with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Mastercard Inc., TradingView, MarketWatch, MetaTrader 5, Benzinga, CompaniesMarketCap
