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4月8日宣布的停火以及围绕45天休战的平行讨论并未解决霍尔木兹海峡的混乱问题。目前,他们已经限制了最坏的情况,但油轮运输量仍处于正常水平的一小部分,伊朗对过境费的需求预示着结构性转变,而不是暂时的转变。
最初的地区冲突已成为全球能源冲击,市场面临的问题不再是霍尔木兹是否受到干扰,而是这种混乱对石油的最低定价产生了多大的永久性影响。
关键要点
- 每天约有2000万桶(桶)的石油和石油产品通常通过伊朗和阿曼之间的霍尔木兹海峡,相当于全球石油消费量的约五分之一,约占全球海运石油贸易的30%。
- 这是流量冲击,不是库存问题。石油市场依赖于持续的吞吐量,而不是静态存储。
- 如果中断持续超过几周,布伦特原油可能会从短期飙升转向更广泛的价格冲击,存在滞胀风险。
- 穿越海峡的油轮运输量从每天约135艘下降到中断高峰期的不到15艘船只,减少了约85%,超过150艘船只停泊、改道或延误。
- 4月8日宣布了为期两周的停火,为期45天的休战谈判正在进行之中。伊朗已分别表示要求对使用该海峡的船只收取过境费,如果正式确定,这将是能源成本的永久地缘政治最低标准。
- 市场已经开始从增长和技术敞口转向能源和国防企业,这反映了人们的观点,即石油价格上涨正在成为结构性成本,而不是暂时的风险溢价。
世界上最关键的石油阻塞点
霍尔木兹海峡每天处理大约2000万桶石油和石油产品,相当于全球石油消费量的20%和全球海运石油贸易的30%左右。由于全球石油需求接近1.04亿桶/日,且剩余产能有限,在最近的升级之前,市场已经处于紧密平衡状态。
该海峡也是液化天然气的重要走廊。2024年,平均每天约有2.9亿立方米的液化天然气通过该路线,约占全球液化天然气贸易的20%,亚洲市场是主要目的地。
国际能源署(IEA)将霍尔木兹描述为世界上最重要的石油运输阻塞点,并指出,即使是部分中断也可能引发价格的大幅波动。布伦特原油已跌破每桶100美元,这既反映了物质紧张,也反映了地缘政治风险溢价的上升。

由于流量减慢,油轮处于空转状态
现在,航运和保险数据实时显示压力。据报道,超过85艘大型原油运输船滞留在波斯湾,而由于运营商重新评估安全和保险,有150多艘船舶停泊、改道或延误。据估计,这将使1.2亿至1.5亿桶原油在海上闲置。
这些量仅代表霍尔木兹正常吞吐量的六到七天,或略高于一天的全球石油消费。
最新的航运和保险数据现在证实,有150多艘船只停泊、改道或延误,高于最初报告的85艘船只。闲置原油的1.3天全球消费保障仍然是约束性制约因素:这是流量冲击,不是储存问题,停火尚未转化为产量的实质性恢复。
建立在流量而不是存储基础上的市场
石油市场在持续波动中运作。炼油厂、石化厂和全球供应链经过调整,可以沿着可预测的海道稳定交付。当流经占全球石油消耗量约五分之一和全球海运石油贸易约30%的阻塞点时,该系统可以在几天之内从平衡变为赤字。
剩余产能主要集中在欧佩克内,估计仅为每天300万至500万桶。这远低于霍尔木兹水流受到严重干扰时面临的风险交易量。
通货膨胀风险和宏观溢出效应
石油冲击的通货膨胀影响通常以波浪形式出现。随着汽油、柴油和电力成本的上涨,燃料和能源价格的上涨可能会迅速提振总体通货膨胀。
随着时间的推移,更高的能源成本可能会流向货运、食品、制造业和服务业。如果混乱持续下去,通货膨胀率上升和增长放缓相结合,可能会增加滞胀环境的风险,使中央银行面临艰难的权衡。
不容易抵消,系统几乎没有松弛
当前局势之所以特别严重,是因为全球体系缺乏松弛。
当处理近2,000万桶/日(约占全球石油消耗量的五分之一)的阻塞点受到损害时,将近1.03亿至1.04亿桶的全球供需几乎没有备用缓冲。估计每天300万至500万桶的剩余产能,主要在欧佩克内部,只能覆盖风险产量的一小部分。
替代路线,包括绕过霍尔木兹的管道和改道运输,只能部分抵消流量的损失,而且通常成本更高,交货时间更长。
底线
在霍尔木兹海峡的过境恢复并被视为可靠安全之前,全球石油流动可能继续受损,风险溢价上升。对于投资者、政策制定者和企业决策者来说,核心问题是石油能否每天不间断地转移到需要去的地方。


Crude Oil has always been one of the most popular and highly traded markets for CFD traders whether it is WTI or Brent, especially recently as geopolitical and economic forces have seen its price fluctuate from extreme lows to extreme highs. It’s easy to see why, Oil is a bellwether for the health of the global market, oil greases the wheels of global commerce and with CFDs it’s possible to take a position in this exciting market, whether you think the price will head up or down. In this CFD Oil trading Article we will look at the following: How to use CFDs to trade oil Fundamental forces that drive the price of oil Popular technical strategies for trading oil CFDs How to use CFDs to trade oil CFDs or Contracts For Difference allow you to speculate on the price of oil, without owning the underlying asset.
A spot oil CFD tracks the price of the spot market being the cleanest and most efficient way to speculate on the price of oil. They also allow you to take a position in both directions, you would enter a buy (Long) positions if you believed the price will rise, or a sell (Short) position if you believe the price will fall. With Long positions you are looking to buy and sell at a higher price at a later time to profit on the trade.
With a Short position you are selling with the view to buy back at a later time to profit on the trade. At GO Markets we offer our clients the worlds most popular oil trading platform in Metatrader 4 and 5, another advantage to these CFD trading platforms is the ability to automate oil trading strategies. Other advantages to trading oil CFDs with GO Markets: Trade 23 hours a day on WTI oil, 21 hours a day on Brent oil, unlike an ETF or oil company listed on a stock exchange that is only open while that stock exchange is open.
Leverage – the margin required to open the trade will be a fraction of the face value of the position depending on what leverage you are comfortable with. Flexibility in position sizing starting from 0.1 lot ($0.10 USD per point movement in oil) unlike oil futures which have rigid contract sizes. Rolling contract, no expiries such as in options or futures to worry about.
To Enter a position in Metatrader, you would bring up a deal ticket by clicking “New Order” then select your position size, any Stop Loss or Take Profit levels you want the position to automatically close at and hit Buy or Sell. As with any instrument, make sure you are familiar with the lot sizing. 1 standard lot in oil (USOUSD and UKOUSD) is 100 barrels, or $1 USD a point so make sure you set the volume to a level commensurate to your account size and risk appetite. Now, the next question is how you decide on a buy or sell, let’s look at the fundamentals of what drives oil and some technical analysis you can use to answer this question.
Fundamental forces that drive the price of oil Both WTI oil (USOUSD) and Brent Oil (UKOUSD) are highly correlated and will both be referenced as “oil” in the below. While no one reason can be fully attributed to movements in the price of oil, there are an important few fundamental drivers that will influence the price and whose relationship has been time tested. None of these on their own should be used as a sole reason to enter a position, but having the fundamentals on your side will certainly give you an advantage.
The main fundamental drivers in my experience are The perceived health of the global economy OPEC+ production cuts or increases Geopolitical issues The perceived health of the global economy Oil is the driver of commerce, it is needed for the transport and manufacturing of goods and getting people around. If economic conditions are deteriorating, it means less economic activity and the need for less oil sending the price down. A global economy which is seen as “hot” means more economic activity and more demand for oil, seeing it’s price increase.
A clear chart to see this is the price of oil as compared to the US 10-year bond yield over the years. You can see the price of oil and the yield are highly correlated, this is due to yields going up when the economy is “hot” and yields falling when the economy enters a period of contraction, similar price drivers to oil. The black line is WTI oil price, the orange US 10-year yields going back 10 years.
Source: tradingview.com OPEC+ production cuts or increases The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a cartel of leading oil-producing countries formed in order to collectively influence the global oil market. OPEC started with a handful of Middle Eastern oil producers in 1960, and has since grown to 24 members in OPEC+. Even thought the USA is currently the worlds top oil producer, OPEC+ countries as a whole still dominate global oil supply and decisions made by the cartel can have a dramatic influence on the price of crude oil.
Market share of oil producing nations: Source: gisreportsonline.com OPEC+ hold regular meetings during the year, normally the expected result is well telegraphed, but sometimes there can be a surprise, such as at their latest meeting on Sunday April 2 nd, 2023, where a surprise production cut was announced, seeing the price of oil gap significantly higher on Mondays open, showing oil traders to always approach these meetings with caution. Geopolitical issues The last three years has seen some very influential geopolitical events, or “black swans” and oil being closely tied to the health of the global economy has seen some very big moves on the back of these events. The Pandemic and its related lock downs and slowing of global commerce saw the price of oil slump to all time lows, followed by the war in Ukraine which saw oil jump to multi year highs on the fear of supply disruptions (Russia is the second biggest oil producer in the world) The chart below illustrates this: Oil traders especially need to be aware of geopolitical risks as the above chart shows.
Technical strategies for trading oil CFDs While having a good understanding of the fundamentals (in my opinion) is important to help you choose the best trades most traders will use a combination of technical analysis and fundamentals with the aim for higher probability outcomes in their trades. Some traders will use technical analysis exclusively without any interest in the fundamental drivers using things such as RSI oscillators, support and resistance areas and trend lines solely to decide on their trade direction. Which option is best is solely up to the trader, their time frames for the trades and risk appetite, all can work, and all can fail neither option can be seen as “better” than the other, it all depends on the individual trader.
Technical analysis is an art in itself and there is a lot to learn on this subject, I encourage anyone interested to research the many weird and wonderful technical analysis strategies that are documented online. But let’s take a look at a popular technical indicators that oil traders use to make their trades. Support and Resistance Support and resistance are one of the most widely used and accurate (when used correctly) technical indicators that can be used by traders.
Support and Resistance areas are points in the market where the price is held from going lower (Support) or going higher (Resistance), these are areas where buyers or sellers are entering the market as they see value in the asset at that price. These levels can last a long time or be temporary and can be used to predict turn arounds in the market, or a break of these levels could indicate a further push in that direction. Oil is also particularly sensitive to psychological levels around “big figures” or rounded number, e.g. 79.00 and 74.00 As can be seen on the chart below.
Hopefully this article has given you an interest to learn more about trading oil with CFDs. Feel free to contact the GO Markets team if you have any questions on trading oil CFDs and opening an account with us.


The Australian interest rate is currently at 3.85% and the most recent consumer price index (CPI) released at 6.8% which indicates slightly higher than expected inflation growth (expectation was 6.4% with previous data at 6.3%). This puts more focus on the upcoming interest rate decision from the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). While further rate hikes could apply added pressure onto the economy as households face increasing mortgage repayments, on the other hand, the series of previous rate hikes have not signaled that inflation growth is likely to slow down sustainably towards the RBA’s target level.
Market analysts are split between a hawkish hold (keeping rates at 3.85% while signaling a possible hike in the 3rd quarter, depending on further data) or continuing with another hike of 25bps to 4.1%. With the AUDUSD currently trading along the 0.66 price level, a hawkish interest rate decision from the RBA could see the AUDUSD break above the resistance at 0.6650, formed by the 200 moving average. The expected price action could be similar to that seen following the RBA’s surprise decision to hike rates by 25bps at the May meeting.
In this scenario, the AUDUSD could trade toward the immediate key resistance level of 0.68 with further sustained upside likely to depend on the volatility of the DXY.


Charles Schwab Corporation (NYSE: SCHW) announced the latest financial results for the first three months of 2023 ended March 31, before the opening bell on Wall Street on Monday. Company overview Founded: 1971 Headquarters: Westlake, Texas, United States Number of branches: 400 Number of employees: 35,300 (as of December 2022) Industry: Financial services Key people: Charles R. Schwab (co-chairman), Walter W.
Bettinger (co-chairman & CEO) The results The company reported revenue that fell slightly short of analyst expectations at $5.116 billion vs. $5.134 billion estimate. Earnings per share reported at $0.93 per share for the quarter vs. $0.90 per share expected. CEO commentary ''When I drafted my first letter to stockholders 15 years ago in the middle of the financial crisis, I outlined four factors that helped distinguish Schwab from other financial institutions during a very challenging time for global markets: a strong financial foundation, a client-centric strategy, a disciplined operating approach, and a diversified business model.
These characteristics remain every bit as relevant to our story today. We continue to consistently manage the business in a conservative manner, with an unwavering long-term orientation. Our ongoing commitment to this consistency of mission, including our “Through Clients’ Eyes” strategy, highlights why we maintain the ability to meet the needs of individual investors and the advisors who serve them through various environments,'' CEO, Walter W.
Bettinger said in a letter to shareholders. ''While equity markets rebounded from year-end 2022 levels, investor sentiment remained bearish – especially following the onset of the banking industry turmoil in early March. Fixed income markets also reflected growing fears of an economic downturn as the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield declined approximately 50 basis points from its intra-quarter peak to end March just under 3.50%.
Through the various ups and downs to start the year, Schwab remained a trusted partner to investors. During the quarter, clients opened over 1 million new brokerage accounts and entrusted us with $132 billion of core net new assets – including over $53 billion in March alone. While Investor Services gathered approximately $60 billion during the period, the Advisor Services segment posted a record first quarter with over $71 billion in net flows and attracted 70 transitioning advisor teams.
These near-record inflows across both our primary businesses represents an annualized organic growth rate north of 7% and helped push total client assets to $7.58 trillion at quarter-end.'' Shares closed up by +3.94% on Monday at $52.73 a share. Stock performance 1 month: -6.55% 3 months: -36.81% Year-to-date: -37.02% 1 year: -30.03% Charles Schwab Corporation price targets Barclays: $56 Morgan Stanley: $65 Citigroup: $65 Credit Suisse: $68 Goldman Sachs: $75 Deutsche Bank: $83 Piper Sandler: $95 JP Morgan: $97 Charles Schwab Corporation is the 147 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $95.10 billion, according to CompaniesMarketCap. You can trade Charles Schwab Corporation (NYSE: SCHW) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX, ASX, LSE and DE with GO Markets as a Share CFD.
Sources: Charles Schwab Corporation, TradingView, MarketWatch, MetaTrader 5, Benzinga, CompaniesMarketCap, Wikipedia


The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA) announced Q1 financial results before the market open in the US on Wednesday. World’s largest aerospace company posted mixed results. Let’s take a close look at how it performed.
Company overview Founded: July 15, 1916 Headquarters: Arlington County, Virginia, United States Number of employees: 156,000 (2022) Industry: Aerospace Key people: Dave Calhoun (President and CEO), Larry Kellner (Chairman) The results Boeing reported revenue of $17,921 billion for the quarter, topping analyst estimate of $17.516 billion. Revenues were up by 28% compared to the same period last year. The company reported loss per share of -$1.27, which exceeded analyst estimate of -$1.073 loss per share.
CEO commentary "We delivered a solid first quarter and are focused on driving stability for our customers," Dave Calhoun, CEO of Boeing said in a letter to shareholders. "We are progressing through recent supply chain disruptions but remain confident in the goals we set for this year, as well as for the longer term. Demand is strong across our key markets and we are growing investments to advance our development programs and innovate strategic capabilities for our customers and for our future," Calhoun concluded. The latest results had a positive impact on the share price.
The stock was up by around 2% on Wednesday at $207.62 a share. Stock performance 1 month: +0.94% 3 months: -1.29% Year-to-date: +10.21% 1 year: +35.91% Boeing price targets Susquehanna: $260 Bernstein: $252 Credit Suisse: $220 Northcoast Research: $180 Cowen & Co.: $230 Boeing is the 95 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $126.05 billion, according to CompaniesMarketCap. You can trade The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX, ASX, LSE and DE with GO Markets as a Share CFD.
Sources: The Boeing Company, TradingView, MarketWatch, MetaTrader 5, TipRanks, CompaniesMarketCap, Wikipedia


The Bank of Japan is due to hold its first monetary policy meeting under new Governor Ueda on the 29th of April 2023. Since his appointment, Governor Ueda has frequently indicated that the BoJ will continue with its current easing stance on monetary policy with targets for long and short-term interest rates. Although headline and core inflation runs above 3% and the 10Y JGB yields have again climbed close to the ceiling at 0.50%, it is unlikely that Gov Ueda would introduce a widening of the Yield Curve Control (YCC) at this meeting.
However, while a lack of action from the BoJ is widely expected, this could still result in a further weakening of the Japanese Yen across the board. The USDJPY currently trades along the 134 price level, with the upside capped by the 135 resistance level which coincides with the 61.8% Fibonacci retracement level from the longer term. A weakening of the Yen could see the USDJPY break above the resistance level and climb higher toward the next key resistance level at 138.
This potential move higher is also signaled by the cross-over on the MACD indicator. Alternatively, if the BoJ surprises markets by announcing a widening of the YCC or an adjustment to the current monetary policy, this could result in a sharp strengthening of the Japanese Yen. In this scenario, the GBPJPY could reverse strongly from the resistance area of 168 to trade significantly to the downside toward the immediate support level at 165.50 which aligns with the 23.6% Fibonacci retracement level.


Bank of England announced the latest policy decision on Thursday, raising interest rates for the 12th consecutive time from 4.25% to 4.5%, which was in line with expectations. Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee voted by a majority of 7-2 to raise interest rates to 4.5%. Two members voted to maintain the interest rate unchanged at 4.25%.
The current interest rate is at its highest level since October 2008. Inflation UK’s annual inflation rate decreased from 10.4% to 10.1% in April and remains high. The bank expects inflation to continue falling in Q2 and in the near term. ''CPI inflation is expected to fall sharply from April, in part as large rises in the price level one year ago drop out of the annual comparison.
In addition, the extension in the Spring Budget of the Energy Price Guarantee and declines in wholesale energy prices will both lower the contribution from household energy bills to CPI inflation. However, food price inflation is likely to fall back more slowly than previously expected. Alongside news in other goods prices, this explains why the Committee’s modal expectation for CPI inflation now falls back more slowly than in the February Report.'' Economic outlook As for the economy, the central bank expects it to remain flat but there are signs potential growth. ''UK GDP is expected to be flat over the first half of this year, although underlying output, excluding the estimated impact of strikes and an extra bank holiday, is projected to grow modestly.
Economic activity has been less weak than expected in February, and the Committee now judges that the path of demand is likely to be materially stronger than expected in the February Report, albeit still subdued by historical standards. The improved outlook reflects stronger global growth, lower energy prices, the fiscal support in the Spring Budget, and the possibility that a tight labour market leads to lower precautionary saving by households.'' The unemployment is expected to remain below 4% until the end of next year. Market reaction The Pound was weaker against the US dollar on Thursday, down by around -0.93% at 1.25089.
FTSE100 was down by -0.14% at 7733.41. The next Bank of England rate decision will be on 22 nd June. Source: Bank of England, Trading Economics, MetaTrader 5
