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4月8日宣布的停火以及围绕45天休战的平行讨论并未解决霍尔木兹海峡的混乱问题。目前,他们已经限制了最坏的情况,但油轮运输量仍处于正常水平的一小部分,伊朗对过境费的需求预示着结构性转变,而不是暂时的转变。
最初的地区冲突已成为全球能源冲击,市场面临的问题不再是霍尔木兹是否受到干扰,而是这种混乱对石油的最低定价产生了多大的永久性影响。
关键要点
- 每天约有2000万桶(桶)的石油和石油产品通常通过伊朗和阿曼之间的霍尔木兹海峡,相当于全球石油消费量的约五分之一,约占全球海运石油贸易的30%。
- 这是流量冲击,不是库存问题。石油市场依赖于持续的吞吐量,而不是静态存储。
- 如果中断持续超过几周,布伦特原油可能会从短期飙升转向更广泛的价格冲击,存在滞胀风险。
- 穿越海峡的油轮运输量从每天约135艘下降到中断高峰期的不到15艘船只,减少了约85%,超过150艘船只停泊、改道或延误。
- 4月8日宣布了为期两周的停火,为期45天的休战谈判正在进行之中。伊朗已分别表示要求对使用该海峡的船只收取过境费,如果正式确定,这将是能源成本的永久地缘政治最低标准。
- 市场已经开始从增长和技术敞口转向能源和国防企业,这反映了人们的观点,即石油价格上涨正在成为结构性成本,而不是暂时的风险溢价。
世界上最关键的石油阻塞点
霍尔木兹海峡每天处理大约2000万桶石油和石油产品,相当于全球石油消费量的20%和全球海运石油贸易的30%左右。由于全球石油需求接近1.04亿桶/日,且剩余产能有限,在最近的升级之前,市场已经处于紧密平衡状态。
该海峡也是液化天然气的重要走廊。2024年,平均每天约有2.9亿立方米的液化天然气通过该路线,约占全球液化天然气贸易的20%,亚洲市场是主要目的地。
国际能源署(IEA)将霍尔木兹描述为世界上最重要的石油运输阻塞点,并指出,即使是部分中断也可能引发价格的大幅波动。布伦特原油已跌破每桶100美元,这既反映了物质紧张,也反映了地缘政治风险溢价的上升。

由于流量减慢,油轮处于空转状态
现在,航运和保险数据实时显示压力。据报道,超过85艘大型原油运输船滞留在波斯湾,而由于运营商重新评估安全和保险,有150多艘船舶停泊、改道或延误。据估计,这将使1.2亿至1.5亿桶原油在海上闲置。
这些量仅代表霍尔木兹正常吞吐量的六到七天,或略高于一天的全球石油消费。
最新的航运和保险数据现在证实,有150多艘船只停泊、改道或延误,高于最初报告的85艘船只。闲置原油的1.3天全球消费保障仍然是约束性制约因素:这是流量冲击,不是储存问题,停火尚未转化为产量的实质性恢复。
建立在流量而不是存储基础上的市场
石油市场在持续波动中运作。炼油厂、石化厂和全球供应链经过调整,可以沿着可预测的海道稳定交付。当流经占全球石油消耗量约五分之一和全球海运石油贸易约30%的阻塞点时,该系统可以在几天之内从平衡变为赤字。
剩余产能主要集中在欧佩克内,估计仅为每天300万至500万桶。这远低于霍尔木兹水流受到严重干扰时面临的风险交易量。
通货膨胀风险和宏观溢出效应
石油冲击的通货膨胀影响通常以波浪形式出现。随着汽油、柴油和电力成本的上涨,燃料和能源价格的上涨可能会迅速提振总体通货膨胀。
随着时间的推移,更高的能源成本可能会流向货运、食品、制造业和服务业。如果混乱持续下去,通货膨胀率上升和增长放缓相结合,可能会增加滞胀环境的风险,使中央银行面临艰难的权衡。
不容易抵消,系统几乎没有松弛
当前局势之所以特别严重,是因为全球体系缺乏松弛。
当处理近2,000万桶/日(约占全球石油消耗量的五分之一)的阻塞点受到损害时,将近1.03亿至1.04亿桶的全球供需几乎没有备用缓冲。估计每天300万至500万桶的剩余产能,主要在欧佩克内部,只能覆盖风险产量的一小部分。
替代路线,包括绕过霍尔木兹的管道和改道运输,只能部分抵消流量的损失,而且通常成本更高,交货时间更长。
底线
在霍尔木兹海峡的过境恢复并被视为可靠安全之前,全球石油流动可能继续受损,风险溢价上升。对于投资者、政策制定者和企业决策者来说,核心问题是石油能否每天不间断地转移到需要去的地方。


Facebook has had a fair share of negative news headlines in recent times with lawsuits filed against the company and calls to improve the monitoring of information that is posted on the social media platform. Despite that, the share price of Facebook hit an all-time high this week after trading at above $314 per share for the first time during the trading day on Thursday. With the negative headlines, there is also a level of optimism about the future of the company with revenue numbers expected to increase in 2021.
Q4 2020– revenue growth Last year, the company saw a substantial slowdown in revenue growth in Q2 due to the COVID-19 pandemic when it saw a significant reduction in its advertising side of the business. However, Q4 revenue rose by 33% year-over-year, a significant increase from 22% growth in Q3 and 11% in Q2. ''This was a strong quarter for our business, as the acceleration of online commerce we’ve seen during the pandemic continued into the holiday season. Our total revenue for Q4 was $28.1 billion, which is a 33% year-over-year increase.
Our fastest growth rate in over two years. After a really difficult year for so many businesses, this holiday period was important. And while many businesses are still struggling, the good news is that Q4 was stronger than expected for retail'', Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook’s COO explained Q4 performance during its earning call back in January.
The share price is up by around 14% since the beginning of the year. Facebook – YTD Source: TradingView Price target increase Deutsche Bank recently increased their price target for Facebook from $355 to $385 and maintained a ''buy'' rating for the social media giant following positive feedback from advertisers and Mark Zuckerberg’s positive comments about more e-commerce moving onto the platform. Deutsche Bank data checks show that advertisers have continued to spend on the platform in Q1 of 2021.
Facebook report Q1 2021 earnings on 28 th April. You can trade Facebook (FB) and many other stocks from the ASX, NYSE, and the NASDAQ with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Click here for more information.
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2020 was a good year for electric car space. We have seen shares of most electric car makers surge considerably and take steps to take the industry to the next level, most notably Tesla and NIO. Top 5 automakers by market cap* Tesla at $790.53 billion Toyota at $209.83 billion NIO at $97.21 billion BYD at $94.21 billion Volkswagen at $92.80 billion *As of 13/1/21 Source: Companies Market Cap Tesla The share price of the World's largest electric car maker (by market cap) Tesla rose above $700 at the end of last year, and it has continued to climb up to above $800 per share.
The recent price surge made Elon Musk the richest person in the World at $202 billion, passing Amazon owner Jeff Bezos. Goldman Sachs recently raised their price target for the stock from $455 to $780, keeping its rating at ''neutral'' despite the price target upgrade. ''We believe that the shift toward battery electric vehicle adoption is accelerating and will occur faster than our prior view'' they added. On the other hand, JPMorgan sees the share price plummeting by 87% to 90% a share in 2021.
Tesla stock is "in our view and by virtually every conventional metric not only overvalued but dramatically so," a team of JPMorgan analysts led by Ryan Brinkman said last month. The share price is currently trading at around the $854 level, up by 16% since the beginning of the year. Tesla are set to report earnings on 2/2/21.
NIO Tesla was not the only electric car maker making headlines in 2020. NIO, the Chinese electric car manufacturer also made moves in the electric vehicle (EV) space. The share price of the ''Chinese Tesla'' rose by around 1,110% last year, making it one of the best performing large-cap stocks of the year.
There are a few reasons why the stock has risen recently. The company recently announced its first luxury sedan - ET7. The new model will start at $69,000 and have will an estimated driving range of 620 miles on a full charge, according to the company.
NIO also announced that it is teaming up with Nvidia and Qualcomm. Following the latest news, JPMorgan announced that they have increased their price target for the ''Chinese Tesla'' from $40 to $75 per share. The share price is currently trading at around the $62 level, up by 16% since the beginning of the year.
Tesla are set to report earnings on 9/3/21. The electric vehicle industry is expected to grow in the coming years with many countries around the World announcing bans on selling new petrol and diesel cars in the next decade. You can trade Tesla (TSLA) and NIO (NIO) and many other stocks from the ASX, NYSE, and the NASDAQ with GO Markets as a Share CFD.
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The US Dollar is the most traded currency in the world and paired with all other major currencies. It acts as the intermediary in triangular currency transactions, held by almost every central bank around the world. Unofficially, US Dollar utilization occurs in over 30 countries worldwide and officially; it gets used as a legitimate currency in eight other places around the world.
Let’s find out who those countries are. East Timor East Timor is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. It became a sovereign state on 20th May 2002.
Capital: Dili Population: 1,242,000 (2017) Official language(s): Tetum, Portuguese Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $2.9 billion (2017) Ecuador Another country that uses the US Dollar as an official currency is Ecuador. The South American nation adopted the US Dollar as the official currency in January 2001. It is the seventh largest economy in South America, and it is also a member of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
Capital: Quito Population: 16,390,000 (2016) Official language: Spanish Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $103 billion (2017) El Salvador El Salvador, the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America is another country that is using US Dollar as an official currency. It has the largest economy in Central America and the only Central American nation without a Caribbean coastline. Capital: San Salvador Population: 6,345,000 (2016) Official language: Spanish Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $24 billion (2017) Palau Historically knows as Belau, Palaos and Pelew the country is made up from around 340 islands and is located in the western Pacific Ocean.
It is the 180th largest country in the world at 465 square kilometres, and it has one of smallest economies in the world. Capital: Ngerulmud Population: 21,503 (2016) Official language(s): English, Palauan Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $291 million (2017) Marshall Islands The Republic of the Marshall Islands is an island country near the equator in the Pacific Ocean. It is worlds 189th largest country regarding land area with 181 square kilometers.
The islands have a few natural resources, and their imports far exceed their exports. Capital: Majuro Population: 53,066 (2016) Official language(s): English, Marshallese Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $199 million (2017) Micronesia The Federated States of Micronesia is an independent sovereign nation and the United States associated state, so it is no surprise they use the Dollar as an official currency. The area is made up from around 600 islands, and it does not share any land borders.
Capital: Palikir Population: 104,937 (2016) Official language: English Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $336 million (2017) Panama Officially known as the Republic of Panama is a country in Central America bordering Columbia and Costa Rica. Panama has two official currencies – Panamanian Balboa (PAB) and the US Dollar. Since 1904, the Dollar has circulated in the Central American nation.
Capital: Panama City Population: 4,043,000 (2016) Official language: Spanish Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $61 billion (2017) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in the south of Africa, bordering Zambia, Mozambique, Botswana, and South Africa. The African nation experienced significant economic downfall under their previous president Robert Mugabe, and their currency was virtually worthless. In 2008, in the midst of a financial crisis, Zimbabwe got rid of their money and adopted the American Dollar.
Capital: Harare Population: 16,150,000 (2016) Official language(s): 16 languages including English, Chewa, and Shona Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $17 billion (2017) By Klāvs Valters ( Market Analyst) This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis. They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions. Trading Forex and Derivatives carries a high level of risk.

Canada News Flying Under The Radar Canada has been a predominant feature in financial news in the recent few months, with many discussions centered around the NAFTA and ‘new NAFTA’ agreement, the USMCA trade deal. But despite being such a significant story, it has arguably been overshadowed by the big moves in equity markets, Brexit negotiation drama and the trouble in emerging markets, i.e., Turkey, Brazil, and even Italy’s budget woes. So with the Canadian central bank, BoC, expectedly hiking rates a by 25 basis points on Wednesday 24th October, we decided to give Canada its time in the limelight it deserves and take a look at the Canadian economy.
For more information on the BoC rate decision, take a look at our Analyst Klavs’ article right here - > The Bank of Canada Rate Decision. USDCAD Chart - BoC Tax Hike causes 100pip drop before trend continues Canadian Currency Moves And Economic Stance Perhaps the best place to start would be to address the most recent price swings in the Canadian Dollar and some of the driving forces behind it. In the chart above, we saw a 100pip push lower in the USDCAD (USD weakening, CAD strengthening) on the back of the BoC’s decision to hike rates by a further 25 basis points to 1.75%.
Now despite the highly anticipated nature of this announcement, it’s the overtly hawkish comments from the executive committee members that perpetuated the move lower in the pair. So what was said and what does it mean for Canada going forward? Let’s begin with rates as that was the initial stimulus in the move.
BoC’s Wilkins, the Senior Deputy Governor, stated that “Policy Rate will need to rise to a neutral stance to achieve inflation target” that the BoC “Don’t have a preordained rate path” and that the “pace of rate hikes is dependent on the inflation outlook.” In short, this translates to the stance that most Central banks seem to be adopting and that is an accommodative and data dependent bias. Meaning that while their long-term goal remains the same, i.e., raising the rate to preserve the value of money by keeping inflation low, stable and predictable, the timing with which they are willing to make changes is flexible and the comments from both Wilkins as Governor Poloz support this. Poloz went on to state that the removal of the word ‘Gradual’ from monetary policy forward guidance “Permits us to raise rates at a faster or slower pace depending on developments.” This statement helped to perpetuate the move higher in the Canadian Dollar because it demonstrated that Canada’s government is taking the action it needs to maintain its mandate and not blindly sticking to a set term of rate hikes regardless of momentary data blips.
Canadian Dollar Crosses Overlay - Shows Canadian Strength across the board during comments Trade Agreements And Policies The next aspect we’ll take a look at is the elephant in the room, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). Our analyst Deepta takes an extensive look at USMCA here - USMCA - NAFTA 2.0 – and what it means for Canada, so what I want to focus on is BoC’s Wilkins’ comments. She states that the Canadian “Economy is becoming more resilient.” And that “USMCA reduces uncertainty,” and that fact alone is good news, Governor Poloz does also state the caveat that “Tensions between US & China could hit Canadian export growth.” Since the comments, the USD/CAD rate has seen quite a bit of activity however it has not moved much from where it was beforehand.
The market seems to be interpreting the hawkish comments from the BoC members regarding both rates and USMCA as positive for the Canadian Economy and is pricing it in accordingly. Are Canadian Stock Markets In Trouble? Amid the recent ‘Global Stock Rout’ the S&P TSX ended October down 6.51% following a somewhat hard month.
However, during this risk-off flight to safety, the S&P TSX Index may have had its pain exacerbated by the heavy makeup of energy companies populating the Canadian index. As discussed in previous articles - Oil - Can basic Economics be responsible for an 11% decline – Oil has seen some very aggressive sell-offs. Current market conditions have the commodity breaking below the $50 a barrel level amid supply concerns and growing global tensions.
Keep in mind with Canada’s energy companies occupying an 18.6% weighting of the S&P TSX; undoubtedly this has been a weight around the Index’s neck dragging it lower. Contrary Views To The Health Of Canada's TSX Index Chief Investment Strategist for BMO Capital Markets, Brian Belski stated that the similar declines were seen in 2012 & 2014 (of 11.5% and 12.5% respectively) on average saw rebounds of 18.22%. And he considers this particular sell-off as no different given that it was a flight to safety out of equities and that the major US indices led the TSX's decline.
RBC Global Asset Management chief economist Eric Lascelles mirrored this sentiment and stated that despite the reason decline and consumer concern over rising interest rates, the Canadian Economy is healthy and he cannot see it declining further into bear territory. Lascelles also says that instead of fearfully selling off, investors should seek opportunities to buy as the stock market dips since the financial crisis have typically unwound quickly. So with proactive steps being taken by the Canadian central bank and consensus for a turn around in the Canadian stock market, we could be looking a further strengthening in both the Canadian Economy and potentially the Canadian currency crosses — certainly ones to consider for the watchlist over the coming months with the next BoC decision taking place on December 6th.
For more information or any questions feel free to reach out to me on twitter – @Alex_GoMarkets This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis. They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions. Trading Forex and Derivatives carries a high level of risk.

All the talk about whether Mark Carney will leave the Bank of England in 2019 or not has ended, the current Bank of England governor has extended his stay at the central bank until January 2020 as Chancellor Philip Hammond announced it on Tuesday. So it is now time to focus on the upcoming Bank of England rate decision at on Thursday. Who Decides The Rates?
Interest rates, set by the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee, is made up of nine members – The Governor, the three Deputy Governors for Monetary Policy, Financial Stability and Markets & Banking, the Banks' Chief Economist and four external members appointed directly by the Chancellor. Expectations It is highly unlikely that the interest rates will rise from 0.75% in the following meeting. However, it will be essential to keep an eye out about the latest UK labour market data, which released by Office of National Statistics for any indications on the central bank's further moves.
UK Economy & Brexit Update On 10th September, the Office of National Statistics released the latest data which showed that the UK gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 0.6% in May to July, up from 0.4% growth in three months to June and highest since August 2017. Some positive news on the Brexit negotiations - the European Chief Negotiator for the UK Exiting the EU stated that a Brexit deal could be reached in 6 to 8 weeks. However, as we know from the Brexit process so far, anything could happen in the coming weeks, so it is still vital to keep an eye on comments coming from both sides to see if reaching a deal is even possible.
Financial Markets We saw the Pound strengthen this week against the US Dollar after the latest GDP figures and comments from the EU’s chief negotiator to its highest level since the beginning of August. GBP/USD is currently trading at around 1.30 level. GBP/USD Daily Chart As the Pound strengthened, we saw the FTSE100 fall to its lowest level since April.
Currently trading at around 7270 level. All eyes will be on the Thursday’s decision and comments from Mark Carney. FTSE100 Daily Chart The upcoming rate decision is set to be announced at 1.30 PM London time (GMT +1) Remaining Bank of England Rate Announcement dates for 2018: 1st November 20th December By Klāvs Valters ( Market Analyst) This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis.
They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions. Trading Forex and Derivatives carries a high level of risk. Sources: Go Markets MT4

Just over a month ago Apple became the first company to reach $1 trillion market cap after its shares closed at $207 per share. Now Amazon has become the second company to hit the historic milestone after its share price rose to $2,050 per share. In case you didn’t know, Amazon offers a range of products and services through its websites.
The Company operates through three segments: North America, International and Amazon Web Services (AWS). The Company's products include merchandise and content that it purchases for resale from vendors and those offered by third-party sellers. It also manufactures and sells electronic devices.
Not many people expected Amazon to reach $1 trillion this quickly. Back in March, Brent Thill an analyst from Jeffries stated that Amazon would reach the milestone in 2022 when the share price was at around $1585 per share. But since then, we have seen the share price increase by around 28% and Amazon become world’s second company to reach $1 trillion market cap.
With Amazon continuing acquiring new companies, we could see the share price rising in the future. The Worlds Richest Person It is worth pointing out that Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s CEO is world’s richest person with total net worth of $166 billion. He has increased his net worth by $66 billion just this year alone, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index.
Interestingly, if you bought $10,000 worth of Amazon shares back in September 2008 at $80 per share, they would now be worth around $253,750 USD at the share price of $2,030. You might not be the world's richest person had you made this trade, but perhaps pleased with the overall profit margins. So has the market topped out or is this just the beginning of further growth for the Nasdaq stock?
The jury is still out on this one. By Klāvs Valters ( Market Analyst) This article is written by a GO Markets Analyst and is based on their independent analysis. They remain fully responsible for the views expressed as well as any remaining error or omissions.
Trading Forex and Derivatives carries a high level of risk. Sources: TradingView, Google.
