We would suggest that right now Markets are underestimating the impact of April 2 US Reciprocal Tariffs – aka Liberation Day monikered by the President.There is consistent and constant chatter around what is being referred to as The Dirty 15. This is the 15 countries the president suggests has been taking advantage of the United States of America for too long. The original thinking was The Dirty 15 for those countries with the highest levels of tariffs or some form of taxation system against US goods. However, there is also growing evidence that actually The Dirty 15 are the 15 nations that have the largest trade relations with the US.That is an entirely different thought process because those 15 countries include players like Japan, South Korea, Germany, France, the UK, Canada, Mexico and of course, Australia. Therefore, the underestimation of the impact from reciprocal tariffs could be far-reaching and much more destabilising than currently pricing.From a trading perspective, the most interesting moves in the interim appear to be commodities. Because the scale and execution of US’s reciprocal tariffs will be a critical driver of commodity prices over the coming quarter and into 2025.Based on repeated signals from President Trump and his administration, reinforced by recent remarks from US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick. Lutnick has indicated that headline tariffs of 15-30% could be announced on April 2, with “baseline” reciprocal tariffs likely to fall in the 15-20% range—effectively broad-based tariffs.The risk here is huge: economic downturn, possibilities of hyperinflation, the escalation of further trade tensions, goods and services bottlenecks and the loss of globalisation.This immediately brings gold to the fore because, clearly risk environment of this scale would likely mean that instead of flowing to the US dollar which would normally be the case the trade of last resort is to the inert metal.The other factor that we need to look at here is the actual end goal of the president? The answer is clearly lower oil prices—potentially through domestic oil subsidies or tax cuts—to offset inflationary pressures from tariffs and to force lower interest rates.‘Balancing the Budget’Secretary Lutnick has specified that the tariffs are expected to generate $700 billion in revenue, which therefore implies an incremental 15-20% increase in weighted-average tariffs. We can’t write off the possibility that the initial announcement may set tariffs at even higher levels to allow room for negotiation, take the recently announced 25% tariffs on the auto industry. From an Australian perspective, White House aide Peter Navarro has confirmed that each trading partner will be assigned a single tariff rate. Navarro is a noted China hawk and links Australia’s trade with China as a major reason Australia should be heavily penalised.Trump has consistently advocated for tariffs since the 1980s, and his administration has signalled that reciprocal tariffs are the baseline, citing foreign VAT and GST regimes as justification. This suggests that at least a significant portion of these tariffs may be non-negotiable. Again, this highlights why markets may have underestimated just how big an impact ‘liberation day’ could have.Now, the administration acknowledges that tariffs may cause “a little disturbance” (irony much?) and that a “period of transition” may be needed. The broader strategy appears to involve deficit reduction, followed by redistributing tariff revenue through tax cuts for households earning under $150K, as reported by the likes of Reuters on March 13.The White House has also emphasised a focus on Main Street over Wall Street, which we have highlighted previously – Trump has made next to no mention of markets in his second term. Compared to his first, where it was basically a benchmark for him.All this suggests that some downside risk in financial markets may be tolerated to advance broader economic objectives.Caveat! - a policy reversal remains possible in 2H’25, particularly if tariffs are implemented at scale and prove highly disruptive and the US consumer seizes up. Which is likely considering the players most impacted by tariffs are end users.The possible trades:With all things remaining equal, there is a bullish outlook for gold over the next three months, alongside a bearish outlook on oil over the next three to six months.Gold continues to punch to new highs, and its upward trajectory has yet to be truly tested. Having now surpassed $3,000/oz, as a reaction to the economic impact of tariffs. Further upside is expected to drive prices to $3,200/oz over the next three months on the fallout from the April 2 tariffs to come.What is also critical here is that gold investment demand remains well above the critical 70% of mine supply threshold for the ninth consecutive quarter. Historically, when investment demand exceeds this level, prices tend to rise as jewellery consumption declines and scrap supply increases.On the flip side, Brent crude prices are forecasted to decline to $60-65 per barrel 2H’25 (-15-20%). The broader price range for 2025 is expected to shift down to $60-75 per barrel, compared to the $70-90 per barrel range seen over the past three years.Now there is a caveat here: the weak oil fundamentals for 2025 are now widely known, and the physical surplus has yet to materialise – this is the risk to the bearish outlook and never write off OPEC looking to cut supply to counter the price falls.
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China, Japan and Australia are all in focus as July brings fresh policy signals, inflation data and energy route risks.
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) left its cash rate target unchanged at 4.35% in June, while the Bank of Japan (BOJ) adjusted policy higher in June as inflation risks and Middle East-driven price pressures remained in focus. China’s push for technological self-reliance under the 15th Five-Year Plan continues to reshape regional commodity demand and trade flows.
For traders, the key question is how these regional drivers may flow through currencies, commodities, indices and risk sentiment in the weeks ahead.
15th Five-Year Plan
Industrial upgrading and domestic demand data
BOJ policy path
Yen volatility and July guidance
Inflation test
Monthly CPI and labour market data
Energy routes
Strait of Hormuz and imported fuel costs
China, industrial upgrading stays in focus
Chinese policymakers remain focused on the 15th Five-Year Plan, which runs from 2026 to 2030. The plan prioritises industrial upgrading, technological self-reliance and high-quality growth.
The key question for markets is whether China’s policy support can stabilise demand while the economy continues to shift away from the rapid expansion model of previous decades.
- Stability in the manufacturing purchasing managers’ index (PMI) after its recovery above the 50 threshold
- Growth in industrial production and retail sales, as domestic demand remains soft
- Progress on advanced semiconductor, biotech and quantum technology policy under the 15th Five-Year Plan
China’s push for technological self-reliance may alter the long-term demand structure for commodity-linked partners such as Australia. Shifts in Chinese industrial output can also influence regional trade flows and broader market sentiment, with potential implications for index CFDs across the region.
Japan, BOJ guidance takes centre stage
The Bank of Japan raised its policy rate by 25 basis points (bps) at its 15 and 16 June meeting, taking policy settings to their highest level since September 1995.
The yen remains sensitive to further policy and intervention signals, with USD/JPY trading around levels that have previously drawn attention from Japanese authorities. Markets are now watching whether the BOJ confirms a gradual tightening path or signals a more cautious approach.
- Forward guidance from Governor Kazuo Ueda on the pace of further rate normalisation
- Whether the BOJ signals scope for further tightening later in 2026
- Verbal intervention or direct action from the Ministry of Finance if yen moves become disorderly
The interest rate gap between Japan and other major advanced economies has narrowed, but it continues to influence carry trade activity. Any further hawkish shift from the BOJ, or renewed currency intervention from the Ministry of Finance, could increase volatility across yen-linked forex CFDs.
Australia, inflation remains the domestic test
Australia enters July with markets focused on whether inflation is proving sticky enough to keep the RBA cautious.
The RBA left the cash rate target unchanged at 4.35% at its 16 June meeting, after three earlier rate increases in 2026. The next RBA decision is due on 10 and 11 August.
- Whether monthly CPI continues to run above the RBA’s 2% to 3% target band
- Labour market resilience after this year’s cash rate increases
- Consumer spending after post-Budget cost-of-living relief
- Pass-through from fuel costs into transport and logistics margins
The 29 July CPI release remains a key domestic driver before the August RBA meeting. If inflation remains sticky, expectations for future rate cuts may fade further. That could support the Australian dollar (AUD), while adding pressure to ASX interest-rate-sensitive sectors such as banks, real estate investment trusts and consumer discretionary stocks.
ASEAN supply chain shifts: Manufacturing activity continues to shift across parts of ASEAN, including Vietnam and Thailand, as companies assess costs, logistics and trade routes.
Strait of Hormuz risk: The Strait of Hormuz remains a key risk for energy importers. Recent de-escalation has helped pull Brent crude lower, but shipping conditions remain sensitive to renewed disruption, security incidents or changes to transit arrangements. Any renewed pressure on the waterway could affect regional energy flows, freight costs and imported fuel prices.
Commodity-linked sentiment: Iron ore trading around the US$95 to US$105 range may continue to influence the AUD, particularly if China-linked demand signals shift. Brent crude has pulled back from earlier conflict-driven highs, with markets now watching whether prices stabilise near recent levels or reprice toward US$85 to US$100 per barrel if energy route risks return.
US macro spillovers: US personal consumption expenditures (PCE) trends remain important for global import demand, while upcoming US non-farm payrolls (NFP) data could influence expectations for Federal Reserve policy, the US dollar and broader risk appetite.
Key watchlist
Top China Data Point
Q2 GDP and June industrial production on 15 July
Top Japan Event
BOJ policy decision on 31 July
Top Australia Event
Monthly CPI indicator on 29 July
Main Regional Wildcard
Strait of Hormuz shipping conditions and energy route risk
Key Threshold
Whether Brent crude stabilises near recent levels or reprices toward US$85 to US$100 per barrel if energy route risks return
July begins with three policy stories pulling the region in different directions. China is leaning into industrial self-reliance. Japan is managing yen pressure after a June rate hike. Australia is testing whether inflation remains sticky enough to keep the RBA cautious.
For traders, the issue is not just which data point lands next. It is whether these regional pressures stay contained, or begin to reinforce each other through energy costs, currency volatility and trade-linked sentiment.

Diverging central bank policies and a structural re-steepening of the US yield curve reordered the global currency grid throughout June. Therefore, FX markets in July are being shaped by the re-steepening of the US Treasury yield curve, safe-haven demand and diverging monetary policy paths.
The Federal Reserve remains on a hawkish hold, while the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is managing renewed inflation pressure outside a July meeting window. The Bank of Japan (BOJ) continues to navigate a wide yield gap against the US.
That mix has kept the US dollar supported, left the Japanese yen under pressure and made AUD/JPY a key cross to watch. All US release times below are Eastern Time unless stated otherwise.
Quick facts strip
DXY context
Well supported near the 100 level on safe-haven and yield demand
Strongest currency
US dollar (USD), supported by sticky inflation and high yields
Weakest currency
Japanese yen (JPY), pressured by yield divergence and energy import costs
Main central bank theme
Policy divergence as markets reassess rate-cut expectations
Main catalyst ahead
Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) and BOJ meetings late in July 2026
Leaderboard
Strongest mover: US dollar
The greenback reasserted its position as a yield and safe-haven asset. The US Dollar Index (DXY) regained the 100 level as inflation and tariff uncertainty kept rate-cut expectations muted.
Key drivers
- Robust growth: Robust economic data, with first-quarter gross domestic product (GDP) expanding at an annual rate of 2.0%, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis
- Sticky inflation: Rebounding inflation, with the consumer price index (CPI) rising 3.8% over the 12 months to April, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Safe haven: Safe-haven demand linked to Middle East shipping disruption and Strait of Hormuz toll risks
July events to watch
• 2 July, 8:30 am ET: Employment Situation, including non-farm payrolls (NFP)
• 14 July, 8:30 am ET: CPI
• 15 July, 8:30 am ET: producer price index (PPI)
• 28 to 29 July: FOMC meeting
• 29 July, 2:00 pm ET: FOMC statement
• 29 July, 2:30 pm ET: Fed Chair press conference
Risks and constraints
Traders are watching the 29 July FOMC decision for guidance on the policy path. The July meeting does not include scheduled Summary of Economic Projections, so the statement and press conference may carry more weight for market interpretation.
On the downside, any unexpected de-escalation in Middle East tensions could see energy prices fall sharply, which may cool part of the dollar’s inflation premium.
Weakest mover: Japanese yen
The yen has faced heavy downward pressure, trading near the closely watched 160 level against the US dollar as the yield gap remains difficult to ignore.
Key drivers
- Yield spread: A wide yield disadvantage against the US dollar
- Import stress: Rising import costs for essential energy and food
- Carry trade: Speculative yen selling as carry traders focus on the rate spread
July and August events to watch
• 30 to 31 July, Tokyo time: BOJ monetary policy meeting
• 31 July, Tokyo time: BOJ Outlook Report
• 10 August, 8:50 am JST: Summary of Opinions
Risks and constraints
Traders are monitoring the risk of direct intervention from Japan’s Ministry of Finance if yen weakness becomes disorderly.
The BOJ’s 2026 schedule lists a monetary policy meeting for 30 to 31 July and notes that Summary of Opinions releases are generally published at 8:50 am JST.
A surprise shift in BOJ guidance, a rate increase, or a sudden risk-off liquidation in global assets could trigger a short squeeze and drive the yen sharply higher.
Most important cross: AUD/JPY
AUD/JPY remains one of the clearest expressions of yield divergence and energy asymmetry. Australia is a major commodity exporter, while Japan is a large energy importer. That means higher energy prices can create very different macro pressures for each side of the cross.
Key drivers
- Energy split: Higher oil prices may support Australia’s commodity-linked sentiment while increasing Japan’s import burden
- RBA path: RBA policy expectations remain sensitive to domestic inflation and labour market data
- BOJ factors: BOJ policy expectations remain sensitive to yen weakness, imported inflation and official intervention risk
July and August events to watch
• 29 July, 11:30 am AEST: Australia CPI for June
• 30 to 31 July, Tokyo time: BOJ monetary policy meeting
• 10 to 11 August: RBA Monetary Policy Board meeting
• 11 August, 2:30 pm AEST: RBA monetary policy decision statement
• 11 August, 3:30 pm AEST: RBA Governor media conference
What could shift the outlook
If the RBA maintains a restrictive bias in August while the BOJ moves cautiously, AUD/JPY could remain supported by carry demand. If the BOJ shifts more hawkishly in July, or if commodity prices such as iron ore weaken sharply, AUD/JPY could face a rapid corrective pullback.
That may keep the cross relevant for traders assessing monetary policy paths, commodity sensitivity and Japan intervention risk across FX markets.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics lists the Employment Situation for 2 July at 8:30 am ET, tracking parameters for base industrial labor metrics.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics lists the CPI release tracking layout points for 14 July at 8:30 am ET, measuring consumer segment price stickiness.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics lists the PPI tracking framework for 15 July at 8:30 am ET, following input tracking updates.
Australia CPI indicators tracking layout points for June, scheduled for release on 29 July at 11:30 am AEST.
Federal Open Market Committee policy review meeting parameters. Statement set for publication on 29 July at 2:00 pm ET followed by the press conference at 2:30 pm ET.
Bank of Japan interest rate parameters and official guidance tracking. Scheduled alongside the BOJ Outlook Report release on 31 July.
Reserve Bank of Australia tracking framework, leading to the decision statement on 11 August at 2:30 pm AEST and media conference at 3:30 pm AEST.
Key levels and signals
-
◆
DXY 100
A psychological and technical line for USD strength, well supported on safe-haven and yield demand elements.
-
◆
USD/JPY 160
A closely watched level for potential official intervention risk from Japan's Ministry of Finance if price transitions become disorderly.
-
◆
AUD/USD 0.7202
Near-term resistance if risk sentiment remains constructive and restrictive monetary policies support cross tracking.
-
◆
US 10-year Treasury yield 4.5%
A level that may increase pressure on equity valuations if sustained, reflecting the broader curve re-steepening trends.
Bottom line
Global FX moves in July are set to remain highly sensitive to rate expectations, energy prices and geopolitical developments.
The US dollar’s dual role as a yield and safe-haven currency continues to offer support, while the yen remains exposed to carry demand and intervention risk. AUD/JPY sits at the intersection of those forces, making it one of the cleaner ways to track the policy and energy split across the region.
For traders, the key issue is not only which central bank moves next. It is whether inflation, oil and yields keep moving in the same direction, or whether a policy surprise forces a rapid unwind.
Follow FX through the Asia session
Stay close to Asia-Pacific themes, regional data, sentiment and key crosses.

Love him, hate him, or mute him, but when one person’s wealth flirts with US$1 trillion, markets start treating him like a volatility signal.
Trying to understand Elon Musk’s net worth in mid-2026 is a little like trying to understand the global bond market after three coffees and one bad inflation print.
Technically, the numbers are real. Emotionally, the human brain simply files them under “absolutely not”.
After the sharp rally in Tesla and the highly anticipated June 2026 SpaceX IPO, Musk’s wealth moved above the US$1 trillion mark before settling back near US$957 billion.
Yes, settling back.
To US$957 billion.
A normal person settles back into a chair. Musk settles back into a number that looks like a central bank balance sheet wearing sunglasses. At this point, the billionaire-or-trillionaire label is almost beside the point. For trading desks, the question is not whether you like him. It is how much volatility follows him.
When one person has a near-trillion-dollar balance sheet tied to equity valuations and public sentiment, even a comment or meme can become a market event.
In that sense, Musk has become something closer to a volatility proxy. Let's call it the Musk VIX.
Here are 10 ways to understand what happens when one person’s wealth becomes large enough to matter to markets.
If a typical chief executive has a bad week, one company’s share price may wobble. Maybe analysts write a stern note. Maybe Bloomberg gets a split-screen.
If Musk has a bad week, the market value linked to his holdings can move on a scale usually reserved for countries.
His reported net worth is larger than the gross domestic product (GDP) of Switzerland, a country famous for global banking, gold reserves and the general vibe of “we have read the risk disclosure”. For volatility traders, Musk-linked companies are not only traditional fundamental stories. They can also become sentiment trades attached to a sovereign-sized balance sheet.
When a single portfolio approaches US$1 trillion, normal wealth comparisons stop helping. You are no longer in “rich person buys a yacht” territory.
You are in “we may need a flag, a ministry and a quarterly outlook statement” territory.
Musk does not run a sovereign wealth fund. Important distinction. But his on-paper wealth can still carry market weight. When he signals a possible transaction, investors may react because the collateral base behind him is unusually large, even if liquidity, financing and execution remain separate questions. Paper wealth is not the same as cash in a checking account. Even when the account balance looks like a typo from the International Monetary Fund.
On a standard trading day, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) processes average daily trading volume of roughly US$80 billion. On paper, US$957 billion is equivalent to almost 12 days of that activity.
No, this does not mean Musk can stroll into the NYSE like it is a vending machine and press “buy everything”.
Liquidity matters. Ownership limits matter. Also, reality matters, which is rude but persistent. Still, the comparison helps explain why one public signal from him can become a magnet for options flow, momentum strategies and short-term positioning.
Citadel manages tens of billions of dollars, backed by sophisticated infrastructure, quantitative models and teams built to find market inefficiencies before everyone else does.
Musk’s reported wealth is many times larger than that asset base… which is the joke and also the problem.
Wall Street can spend months refining a volatility assumption. Then one post lands, the options chain lights up and a risk manager somewhere quietly discovers a new facial expression. That does not make the move predictable, but it does make the headline risk hard to ignore.
Gold is the traditional safe haven. It sits there. It gleams. It does not post.
Musk-linked assets are different. In speculative markets, capital can rotate toward high-beta names and narratives linked to him.
That makes his companies important risk-on markers, especially when liquidity is abundant and sentiment is already stretched. In other words, gold is where investors go when they want calm. Musk is where they go when they want movement and have apparently made peace with the consequences.
Musk’s reported net worth has recently been larger than the combined market capitalisation of several major US banks. Not bad for one balance sheet, assuming the phrase “one balance sheet” has not already filed a stress complaint.
That does not mean he could buy them in cash. Most of his wealth is tied to equity, which can move quickly and may not be easy to sell without shifting the market against him.
Still, the comparison matters. Musk-linked assets are not only priced on earnings, margins or price-to-earnings ratios. They are also priced on narrative, optionality, crowd behaviour and the strange gravitational pull of one person’s public profile. This is where fundamental analysis walks in, sees the options market wearing a party hat and quietly asks whether anyone has checked the downside scenario.
The annual US Department of Defense budget is often discussed in the high hundreds of billions of US dollars. Musk’s reported net worth is in the same broad zone.
This does not mean he can practically fund the Pentagon.
It means the scale is now closer to a major government budget line than a normal executive fortune. For traders, the point is not spending power. It is concentration. When one person’s paper wealth reaches this scale, ownership risk, public signalling, valuation pressure and regulatory attention can start to overlap. That is not politics. That is risk management with a very weird guest list.
The total market value of the Ethereum network can fluctuate sharply but Musk’s reported net worth is more than double some recent Ethereum market capitalisation estimates.
Musk is not decentralised. His companies are not tokens but for crypto and volatility traders, the behaviour can rhyme: high liquidity, narrative sensitivity and sharp repricing when sentiment turns.
Ethereum has smart contracts. Musk has markets that can look very smart, right up until the timeline changes.
Ken Griffin, Ray Dalio and Warren Buffett have each spent decades shaping global markets. Combined, their personal fortunes are still far below Musk’s reported wealth.
That comparison is not really about ego. It is about signal power.
Musk-linked assets can trade as more than long-term intrinsic value stories, especially around corporate announcements, public posts and major macro shifts. Buffett writes shareholder letters. Musk posts. The market may not respond to both in the same way, but it watches both closely, which says plenty about where modern sentiment risk now lives.
John D. Rockefeller’s wealth became a symbol of industrial concentration in the early 20th century. Musk’s current scale invites a modern version of the same question.
The comparison is not exact. The economy is different, the regulatory system is different and capital markets are different. Also, Rockefeller did not have a social platform, which feels like a public good we failed to appreciate.
But the market lesson still matters. When one person’s economic footprint becomes unusually large, regulation, governance and concentration risk can start to affect pricing. Macro traders do not have to moralise it. They do have to account for it.
The Takeaway
When wealth approaches US$1 trillion, money stops being only a measure of personal fortune. It becomes a market variable.
For traders, the key question is not whether Musk is a genius, a menace or the internet’s most expensive stress test.
The cleaner question is what his actions do to volatility, liquidity and positioning.
Treating Musk-linked headlines as a volatility signal may help traders strip emotion out of the story. It does not make the trades simple. It does not remove risk. It does not turn a headline into a strategy. But it does explain why the market keeps watching.
At this scale, the headline is not just about Elon Musk. It is about what happens when one person becomes large enough to move the tape and markets decide to keep refreshing.
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