Quick search
CLOSE+
Thank you! Your submission has been received!
This is the point where 'private' becomes 'public'. It gives the market its first real look under the hood of companies like OpenAI, SpaceX and a new wave of ASX hopefuls.
An initial public offering (IPO) is when a private company offers its shares to the public for the first time. Before an IPO, shares are usually held only by founders, early employees and private investors but going public opens those shares to a broader market.
For traders, IPOs may be the first opportunity to gain direct exposure to a company's stock. They can create a unique environment of elevated volatility and heightened interest, but they also carry higher risk because price history is limited and sentiment can shift quickly.
| Company | Estimated valuation | Exchange | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
Imported item 3 | ~US$350 billion | Nasdaq | Rumoured |
Imported item 4 | ~US$140 billion | NYSE/Nasdaq | Rumoured |
Imported item 5 | ~US$134 billion | Nasdaq | Expected |
Imported item 6 | ~US$7.9 billion | Nasdaq and ASX CDI | Expected |
Imported item 7 | ~A$6 billion | ASX | Expected |
Imported item 8 | ~A$4 billion plus | ASX | Rumoured |
OpenAI Artificial intelligence | ~US$850 billion | Nasdaq | Expected |
SpaceX | ~US$1.5 trillion | Nasdaq | Expected |
How a listing works
By listing day, institutional investors have usually already assessed the company. Understanding the six-stage process helps traders see what may already be reflected in the price before the stock opens to the broader market.
The company selects an underwriter to assess its finances, corporate structure and market positioning.
Underwriters conduct due diligence and lodge disclosure documents with the relevant regulator.
Executives pitch to institutional investors and analysts. This is where demand is built and price expectations are set, before retail traders ever see the stock.
Based on roadshow feedback, underwriters set the final share price and decide how many shares will be issued.
Shares begin trading on the chosen exchange. For most traders, this is the first chance to trade the stock.
Now public, the company must publish financial results regularly and meet the governance standards of its exchange.
Trading IPOs with CFDs
IPO listing day is often defined by large sentiment swings and thin price history. That combination can make traditional buy-and-hold exposure harder to manage. CFDs let traders take a view on either side of the move, size positions precisely and act quickly as the story develops.
Trade the initial surge or the post-hype correction. CFDs let you take a position in either direction from listing day onward.
IPO volatility tends to compress into the first days and weeks. CFDs are well suited to these shorter, event-driven windows
Stop loss and limit orders can help define your risk beforeentry, which matters when price discovery is still unfolding.
Access share CFDs across US and Australian markets, including names like Rokt and Firmus Technologies, from one account.
Access US and Australian share CFDs with fast execution, competitive pricing, and built-in risk management tools.
From tech disruptors to defence contractors, some of the market's most talked-about companies start their public journey through an initial public offering (IPO). For traders, these initial public listings can represent a unique trading environment, but also a period of heightened uncertainty.
An IPO is when a company offers its shares to the public for the first time.
Before performing an IPO, shares in the company are typically only held by founders, early employees, and private investors. Going public makes the shares available to be purchased by anyone.
Depending on the size of the company, it will usually list its public shares on the local stock exchange (for example, the ASX in Australia). However, some large-valuation companies choose to only list on a global stock exchange, like the Nasdaq, no matter where their main headquarters is located.
For traders, IPOs are generally the first opportunity to gain exposure to a company’s stock. They can create a unique environment with increased volatility and liquidity, but also carry heightened risk, given the limited price history and sensitivity to sentiment swings.
The biggest driver to perform an IPO is to access more capital. Listing on a public exchange means the company can raise significant funds by selling shares.
It also provides liquidity for existing shareholders. Founders, early employees, and private investors often sell a portion of their existing holdings on the open market, realising the returns on their years of support.
Beyond the monetary benefits, going public means companies can use their stock as currency for acquisitions and offer equity-based compensation to attract talent. And a public valuation provides a transparent benchmark, which is useful for strategic positioning and future fundraising.
However, it does come with trade-offs. Public companies must comply with ongoing disclosure and reporting obligations, and pressure from public shareholders can become a barrier to long-term progress if many are focused on short-term performance.
While the specifics vary by jurisdiction, going from a private company to a public listing generally involves the following stages:
The company first selects the underwriter (typically an investment bank) to manage the offering. Together, they assess the company's financials, corporate structure, and market positioning to determine the best approach for going public. It is the heavy planning stage to make sure the company is actually ready to go public.
Once everything is prepared, the underwriters conduct a thorough due diligence check and then lodge the required disclosure documents with the relevant regulator. These documents give a detailed disclosure to the regulator about the company, its management, and its proposed offering. In Australia, this is typically a prospectus lodged with ASIC; in the US, a registration statement filed with the SEC.
Executives at the company and underwriters will then present the investment case to institutional investors and market analysts in a “roadshow”. This showcase is designed to gauge demand for the stock and help generate interest. Institutional investors can register their interest and valuation of the IPO, which helps inform the initial pricing.
Based on feedback from the roadshow and current market conditions, the underwriters set the final share price and determine the number of shares to be issued. Shares are allocated on the ‘primary market’ to investors participating in the offer (before the stock is listed publicly on the secondary market). This process sets the pre-market price, which effectively determines the company’s initial public valuation.
On listing day, the company’s shares begin trading on the chosen stock exchange, officially opening the secondary market. For most traders, this is the first point at which they can trade the stock, either directly or through derivatives such as Share CFDs.
Once listed, the company becomes subject to strict reporting and disclosure requirements. It must communicate regularly with shareholders, publish its financial results, and comply with the governance standards of the exchange on which it is listed.
For most traders, participating in an IPO comes once shares have listed and begun trading on the secondary market.
Once shares are live on the exchange, investors can buy the physical shares directly through a broker or online exchange, or they can use derivatives such as Share CFDs to take a position on the price without owning the underlying asset.
The first few days of IPO trading tend to be highly volatile. Traders should ensure they have taken appropriate risk management measures to help safeguard against potential sharp price swings.
IPOs mark when a company becomes investable to the public. They can offer early access to high-growth companies and create a unique trading environment driven by elevated volatility and market interest.
For traders, understanding how the process works, what drives pricing and post-IPO performance, and how to weigh potential rewards against the risks of trading newly listed shares is essential before taking a position.
References to companies, IPO candidates, valuations, exchanges, sectors and markets are illustrative only, based on publicly available information at the time of publication, and may change without notice. A proposed listing may be delayed, amended or cancelled, and inclusion on this page does not imply that a company will list, or that any share or CFD will be available to trade through GO Markets.